Public Disclosure Authorized

65838

From World Development Indicators


The Little Data Book on

losure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Climate Change


Climate

Exposure to impacts

Resilience

GHG emissions and energy use

National-level actions

Carbon markets


2011

THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON CLIMATE CHANGE



Copyright ©2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK

1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433

U.S.A.

All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing November 2011

ISBN: 978-0-8213-8959-1

eISBN: 978-0-8213-8964-5 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8959-1

SKU: 18959

The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency, the Environment Department, and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Group of the World Bank.

Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C.

Contents

Acknowledgments iv

Foreword v

User guide vi

Regional tables 1

World 2

East Asia and Pacific 3

Europe and Central Asia 4

Latin America and the Caribbean 5

Middle East and North Africa 6

South Asia 7

Sub-Saharan Africa 8

Income and other group tables 9

Low income 10

Middle income 11

Lower middle income 12

Upper middle income 13

Low and middle income 14

High income 15

Euro area 16

Small island developing states 17

Country tables (in alphabetical order) 18

Renewable energy in 2010 237

Urban areas 240

Summary of national actions: Renewable energy targets and

non-Annex-I country GHG emissions reduction goals 241

Glossary 244

References 253

Acknowledgments    

The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is based on the World Develop- ment Indicators database. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in these resources are results of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and interna- tional statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Non- governmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to many external partners as detailed in World Development Indicators 2011 who have provided substantial help, guidance, and data.

The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is the result of close collabora- tion between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency (DECDG), the Environment Department of the Sustainable Development Vice Presidency (ENV), and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). Timothy Herzog coordinated the production of the book with substantial contributions from Philippe Ambrosi, Ana Bucher, and Fernanda Zermoglio from ENV, Milen Dyoulgerov and Ian Noble from GFDRR, and William Prince from DECDG. Additional support was provided by Azita Amjadi, Federico Escaler, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Neil Fantom, Tariq Khokhar, Alison Kwong, and Sup Lee, from DECDG; Sameer Akbar, Jane Ebinger, Fernando Loayza, Elisabeth Mealey, Kiran Pandey, Kanta Kumari Rigaud, and Sari Soderstrom from ENV; Daniel Hoornweg and Marcus Lee from Financial Solutions Group; Roshin Joseph, and Ayaz Parvez from GFDRR; Richard Damania from the Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LAC); and Gabriela Elizondo Azuela from the Sustainable Energy Department (SEGEN). The book’s design is done by Jomo Tariku and is based on an original design by Communications Development Incorporated. Staff from External Affairs consisting of Stephen McGroarty, Dina Towbin, and Nora Ridolfi oversaw publication and distribution of the book. The book was prepared under supervision of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group; Mary Barton-Dock, director of Environment; and Andrew Steer, Special Envoy for Climate Change.

       Foreword

When President Robert Zoellick launched the World Bank’s Open Data Initiative in April 2010, he said its purpose was to “open the treasure chest of the World Bank’s data and knowledge to every village, to everyone everywhere.” This small book and the much bigger open database behind it are part of this same goal.

Solving the problem of climate change requires that our behavior changes. Whether this happens depends on our understanding, which, in turn, depends upon our knowledge of facts and their implications. Access to freely available climate and climate-related data is essential to catalyze the changes in policies, investments, and technologies that will be needed if we are to move toward a climate-smart future.

The Little Data Book on Climate Change includes a diverse set of indi- cators selected from the global economic and scientific communities. These indicators recognize the intrinsic relationship between climate change and development and attempt to synthesize important aspects of current and projected climate conditions, exposure to climate impacts, resilience, greenhouse gas emissions, and the current state of efforts to take action. While these indicators are from standard sources and represent professional consensus, many are subject to considerable uncertainties, and the usual care must be taken in their interpretation.

The Little Data Book on Climate Change draws upon several online resources, including the Open Data website,1 the Climate Change Knowledge Portal,2 and the Open Data for Resilience initiative.3 These resources from the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) provide free and open access to data and information relevant to climate risk, climate change, and development at the international, national and subnational levels. These resources contain many more indicators than are available in the limited space of this book and include interactive tools, visualizations on the use and interpretation of the data. In addition, there are other tools that will help users and programmers access World Bank data and develop applications.

We invite you to visit the online companions to the Little Data Book on Climate Change. In the coming months, we will continue to add to the datasets. We welcome suggestions on how we can improve these resources for everyone.


Shaida Badiee Andrew Steer

Director Special Envoy for Climate Change Development Data Group World Bank Group


1 http://data.worldbank.org/

2 http://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/

3 http://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/opendri/

User     guide      

The indicators in the Little Data Book on Climate Change are organized into the following categories, each of which relates to climate change, development, and the intrinsic relationship between the two. For additional information, refer to the definitions of each indicator in the Glossary.

Climate includes data on current and projected future average climate conditions, particularly precipitation and temperature.

Exposure to Impacts includes data that suggest the degree to which a country or region may be exposed to changes in the prevailing climate and natural environment, with potential impacts on human health, food security, water supply, and physical infrastructure.

Resilience includes data on the capacity of human systems to cope with the impacts of climate change, such as economic capacity, institutional capacity, and extent of public infrastructure.

GHG Emissions and Energy Use includes data on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), energy use, including measures of energy efficiency and carbon intensity of economy.

National-Level Actions includes data that summarize actions being taken to address and respond to climate change at the national and international levels. Additional information is included in the “Summary of National Actions” tables in the appendices.

Carbon Markets includes data that summarize project activities under Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, two of the flexibility mechanisms set forth under the Kyoto Protocol.

The data in this book are for the most recent year available. Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. No aggregate is calculated if missing data exceed specific thresholds by indicator. See Statistical methods in World Development Indicators 2011 for more information.

Symbols used:

0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number rounds to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.

.. indicates that data are not available.

n/a or blank indicates not applicable, or for an aggregate, not analytically meaningful.

$ indicates current U.S. dollars.

Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. This publication also includes three additional economies: Cook Islands, Nauru, and Niue. The word country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.

The cutoff date for data was October 21, 2011.

    Regional tables


The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage.


East Asia and Pacific

American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nuie, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam.


Europe and Central Asia

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.


Latin America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicara- gua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela.


Middle East and North Africa

Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen.


South Asia

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.


Sub-Saharan Africa

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

World

Population (millions)

6,840.5

GDP ($ billions)

63,044.1

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

9,116

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


1.8

6.6

20

2.1

8.8

..

.. 12.5

58

21.4

4,601


61

87

3,566

74.1

49.1

4.4

2.1

..


88

96


4.6

485.4

30,649

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

7,136

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2,853

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

724

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,803

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

182.9

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


East Asia & Pacific

Population (millions)

1,961.6

GDP ($ billions)

7,579.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

3,683

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


2.5

10.3

.. 3.3

10.8

.. 16.8

14.9

24

9.0

525


59

88

4,860

90.8

15.9

2.8

3.0

14,638


97

103


4.3

827.1

8,259

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1,928

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

707

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,436

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

259.5

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Europe & Central Asia

Population (millions)

405.1

GDP ($ billions)

3,055.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.2

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

7,269

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


2.5

3.0

18

0.3

6.5

.. 3.7

7.5

23

..

..


89

95

2,475

.. 85.8

9.9

2.8

22,652


95

97


7.7

708.0

3,110

937

214

76

2,833

276.8

Latin America & Caribbean

Population (millions)

582.6

GDP ($ billions)

4,969.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

7,741

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area)


1.5

Population below 5m (% of total)

3.8

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

35

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)


2.0

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

8.1

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

20.8

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

23

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

3.8

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

206

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


79

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

93

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,337

Access to electricity (% of total population)

93.4

Paved roads (% of total roads)

28.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

6.9

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.3

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

33,064


102

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

102

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


2.8

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

285.6

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

1,584

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

1,009

442

21

1,245

130.6

Middle East & North Africa

Population (millions)

331.3

GDP ($ billions)

1,068.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

3,903

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


1.4

9.7

20

2.5

121.9

.. 3.6

4.0

34

6.8

..


84

87

2,512

92.9

74.3

3.6

2.9

5,854


88

93


3.8

604.6

1,230

287

74

7

1,399

213.9

South Asia

Population (millions)

1,579.5

GDP ($ billions)

2,088.2

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,222

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area)


1.5

Population below 5m (% of total)

4.4

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

13

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)


50.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

40.3

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.1

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

67

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

42.5

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

1,127

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


36

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

87

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,728

Access to electricity (% of total population)

62.1

Paved roads (% of total roads)

58.9

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.3

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

73,548


86

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

92

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


1.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

504.6

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

1,970

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

846

268

9

532

193.5

Sub-Saharan Africa

Population (millions)

853.6

GDP ($ billions)

1,097.9

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,176

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.4

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.0

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

4.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

3.2

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

50.9

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

11.7

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

121

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

24.6

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

26,113

Resilience


Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

31

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

60

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,297

Access to electricity (% of total population)

32.5

Paved roads (% of total roads)

18.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.2

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

3.6

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

11,957

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

67

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

89

GHG Emissions and Energy Use


CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.8

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

428.6

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

685

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

590

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

334

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

689

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

308.4

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Income & other group tables


For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book on Climate Change is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.

Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30). Thus, countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data.

Low-income economies are those with a 2010 GNI per capita of $1,005 or less.

Middle-income economies are those with a 2010 GNI per capita of more than $1,006 but less than $12,276. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a 2010 GNI per capita of $3,975.

High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more.


Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.

Small island developing states included in this publication are American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cape Verde, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, French Polynesia, Grenada, Guam, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Virgin Islands (U.S.).

Low income

Population (millions)

796.3

GDP ($ billions)

413.9

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

523

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


0.7

5.1

11

3.7

3.7

..

.. 10.6

108

28.3

16,659


35

63

2,047

23.0

14.1

0.7

3.2

4,471


65

91


0.3

270.2

219

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

303.9

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Middle income

Population (millions)

4,917.2

GDP ($ billions)

19,561.7

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

3,763

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


1.8

6.5

18

2.5

9.1

..

.. 12.5

51

20.9

2,574


56

88

3,256

81.6

45.0

3.5

2.6

138,442


92

97


3.5

622.9

16,604

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

5,160

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1,830

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

261

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,268

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

224.6

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Lower middle income

Population (millions)

2,465.1

GDP ($ billions)

4,312.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,660

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


1.7

6.5

14

2.8

18.7

..

.. 9.5

69

31.7

4,874


45

84

2,754

67.3

29.3

2.6

2.4

81,789


88

93


1.6

523.9

3,744

1,705

687

17

680

217.9

Upper middle income

Population (millions)

2,452.2

GDP ($ billions)

15,246.7

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

5,876

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


1.8

6.5

22

2.3

5.6

..

.. 13.6

20

4.1

80


68

92

3,690

98.0

50.5

4.5

2.7

26,166


98

103


5.3

659.4

12,860

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

227.1

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Low and middle income

Population (millions)

5,713.5

GDP ($ billions)

19,997.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

3,315

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.6

Population below 5m (% of total)

6.3

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

17

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.6

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

8.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

25.2

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

12.2

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

63

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

22.5

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

4,665

Resilience


Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

54

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,065

Access to electricity (% of total population)

73.7

Paved roads (% of total roads)

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.1

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

144,800

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

87

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

96

GHG Emissions and Energy Use


CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

3.0

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

612.5

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

16,822

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

5,597

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2,040

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

264

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,173

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

226.1

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


High income

Population (millions)

1,127.0

GDP ($ billions)

43,019.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

38,517

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)


2.2

7.7

.. 1.0

10.4

..

.. 13.4

6

..

..


100

100

5,445

.. 87.3

10.7

1.8

..


97

100


11.9

354.4

13,285

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

147.0

National-Level Actions


Latest UNFCCC national communication


Annex-I emissions reduction target


NAMA submission


NAPA submission


Renewable energy target


Carbon Markets


Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


Euro area

Population (millions)

331.7

GDP ($ billions)

12,174.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

38,571

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


3.6

8.5

18

0.6

21.5

..

.. 15.5

4

..

..


100

100

5,817

.. 91.8

11.3

2.7

..


101

99


8.0

260.0

2,633

318

219

84

3,642

122.2

Small island dev. states

Population (millions)

63.2

GDP ($ billions)

575.3

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

8,226

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Exposure to Impacts

Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


5.4

9.8

.. 2.0

1.4

..

.. 6.7

69

9.7

..


67

80

1,922

81.4

49.9

.. 12.2

186


..

..


3.7

351.5

230

33

12

.. 1,416

143.0

Country    tables     


China

Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.


Cyprus

GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.


Georgia

GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP and population data exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia.


Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia

Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009.


Moldova

GNI, GDP and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP population data exclude Transnistria.


Morocco

GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data include Former Spanish Sahara.


Netherlands Antilles

Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on October 10, 2010. Curaçao and Sint Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands.


Sudan and South Sudan

The Republic of South Sudan became an independent state on July 9, 2011. Data reported for Sudan include South Sudan.


Tanzania

GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data refer to mainland Tanzania only.

For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or http:// data.worldbank.org/.

Afghanistan

Population (millions)

34.4

GDP ($ billions)

11.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

3.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

290

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

6 / 20

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.3 to 3.6

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

327

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–58 to 13

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 7

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–1 / –1


Country South


Low

data Asia

income





Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

1.5

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

4.4

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

11

13

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

4.5

2.7

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

1.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

42.0

50.6

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

4.8

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

40.3

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.4

6.1

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

149

67

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

32.9

42.5

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

2,428

1,127

16,659

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

37

36

35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

48

87

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,031

2,728

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

15.6

62.1

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

29.3

58.9

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.7

1.7

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.6

1.3

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

60

73,548

4,471

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

160



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.4



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

39

86

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

62

92

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.0

1.3

0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

28.5

504.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

0.8

1,970

219

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

.. 846 436

.. 268 209

.. 9 ..

.. 532 365

.. 193.5 303.9


..

n/a Yes Yes

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Albania

Population (millions)

3.2

GDP ($ billions)

11.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

–0.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

3,960

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

6 / 17

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.9 to 2.9

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

996

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–147 to –44

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 7

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 /–1



Europe &

Upper


Country

Central

middle


data

Asia

income

Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

5.0

2.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

8.2

3.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

18

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.3

0.3

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

5.3



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

6.8

6.5

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

16.8

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

9.8

7.5

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

18

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

6.6

..

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

98

89

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

97

95

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,315

2,475

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

39.0

85.8

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

5.2

9.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

9.4

2.8

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

137

22,652

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

82



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.3



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

90

95

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

97

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1.3

7.7

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

181.8

708.0

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

4.2

3,110

12,860

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 1.5

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.4

937

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.0

214

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.1

76

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

538

2,833

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

72.3

276.8

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/23/2009 (2nd)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


1

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

35.5

GDP ($ billions)

159.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

4,450

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

15 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.4 to 3.0

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

89

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–39 to 4

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 8

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Algeria



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Middle East &

N. Africa

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.4

1.4

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

3.5

9.7

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

8

20

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.9

2.5

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

54.6

121.9

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

2.1

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

6.8

3.6

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.3

4.0

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

36

34

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

3.7

6.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

95

84

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

83

87

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,654

2,512

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

99.3

92.9

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

73.5

74.3

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.2

3.6

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.4

2.9

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

237

5,854

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.5



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

148



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

91

88

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

98

93

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

3.2

3.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

438.8

604.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

111.3

-7.9

54.2

1,230

287

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

4.9

74

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.5

7

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,138

1,399

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

153.5

213.9

227.1

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


11/25/2010 (2nd)

n/a Yes n/a Yes


..

..

n/a n/a

American Samoa

Population (thousands)

68.4

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

..

    1. to 1.6

      .. –40 to 237

      16 / 25

      –3 / –3



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      East Asia & Pacific

      Upper middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      17.9

      2.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      9.9

      10.3

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.6

      3.3

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      10.8

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      16.8

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      0.3

      14.9

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      ..

      24

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      9.0

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      525

      80

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      ..


      59


      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      ..

      88

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      4,860

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      90.8

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      15.9

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      ..

      2.8

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      ..

      3.0

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      ..

      ..

      14,638


      97

      26,166


      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      ..

      103

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      ..


      4.3


      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      827.1

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      ..

      8,259

      12,860

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 1,928

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 707

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. ..

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 1,436

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 259.5

      227.1

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication


      n/a

      Annex-I emissions reduction target

      n/a

      NAMA submission

      n/a

      NAPA submission

      n/a

      Renewable energy target

      ..

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


      n/a

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

      n/a

      Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      n/a

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a

      Population (thousands)

      84.9

      GDP ($ billions)

      3.7

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      2.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      41,750

      Andorra


      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


      3 / 12

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.8 to 2.8

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


      973

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


      –113 to –22

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


      4 / 7

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      –2 / –2



      Country


      High


      data

      income

      Exposure to Impacts



      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      0.0

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      0.0

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.0

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      6.0

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      4

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience



      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      7.9

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      ..

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      ..

      ..

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..


      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      ..


      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..


      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      101

      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      104

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use



      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      6.5

      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      0.5

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      ..

      .. 1,539

      .. 813

      .. 460

      .. 4,944

      .. 147.0


      n/a n/a n/a n/a

      ..


      n/a n/a n/a n/a

      Population (millions)

      19.1

      GDP ($ billions)

      84.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      3.1

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      3,940

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      15 / 28

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      2.1 to 2.7

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      1,010

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –89 to 75

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      7 / 20

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –2 / –3

      Angola



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Sub- Saharan Africa

      Lower middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      0.2

      0.4

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      2.1

      2.0

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      25

      14

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      5.3

      4.0

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      1.0



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      0.4

      3.2

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      54.3

      50.9

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      12.4

      11.7

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      161

      121

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      27.5

      24.6

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      21,593

      26,113

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      57

      31

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      50

      60

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      588

      1,297

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      26.2

      32.5

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      10.4

      18.3

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      1.4

      1.2

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      11.8

      3.6

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      534

      11,957

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      172



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      2.4



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      67

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      ..

      89

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      1.4

      0.8

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      245.3

      428.6

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      24.4

      .. 45.4

      685

      590

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      38.9

      334

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      ..

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      641

      689

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 116.9

      308.4

      217.9

      National-Level Actions



      Latest UNFCCC national communication


      ..

      Annex-I emissions reduction target


      n/a

      NAMA submission


      ..

      NAPA submission


      ..

      Renewable energy target


      ..

      Carbon Markets



      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


      ..

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


      ..

      Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


      n/a

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      n/a

      Antigua and Barbuda

      Population (thousands)

      88.7

      GDP ($ billions)

      1.0

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.8

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      10,590

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      23 / 30

        1. to 1.7

          2,420

          –104 to 37

          13 / 23

          –3 / –3


          Latin Upper

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          32.4

          1.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          32.3

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          35

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.0

          2.0

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          3.3

          2.0

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          7.0

          20.8

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          8

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          3.8

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          206

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          95

          79

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          91

          93

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,737

          3,337

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          93.4

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          33.0

          28.1

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          6.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          5.7

          2.3

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          6

          33,064

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          2.8



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          57



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          95

          102

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          97

          102

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          5.1

          2.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          274.0

          285.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          -0.1

          ..

          1,584

          1,009

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          442

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          21

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,699

          1,245

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          89.6

          130.6

          227.1

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          9/10/2001 (1st)

          n/a Yes, with Goal

          n/a

          ..


          ..

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Argentina

          Population (millions)

          40.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          368.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          8,500

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          8 / 21

        2. to 2.1

          591

          –57 to 52

          3 / 7

          –1 / –1


          Latin Upper

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.2

          1.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          4.5

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          39

          35

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.4

          2.0

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.2



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          11.8

          2.0

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          1.1

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          5.4

          20.8

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          14

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          2.3

          3.8

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          0

          206

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          90

          79

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          97

          93

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          3,167

          3,337

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          97.2

          93.4

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          30.0

          28.1

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          3.2

          6.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.7

          2.3

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          1,283

          33,064

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          113



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          105

          102

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          105

          102

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          4.8

          2.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          364.9

          285.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          192.4

          -43.3

          101.8

          1,584

          1,009

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          49.8

          442

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.8

          21

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,853

          1,245

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          139.6

          130.6

          227.1

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          3/7/2008 (2nd)

          n/a Yes n/a Yes


          24

          7,697

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          3.1

          GDP ($ billions)

          9.3

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          –0.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          3,090

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          1 / 13

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.1 to 3.3

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          562

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –75 to –7

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 6

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –1 / –1

          Armenia



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Europe & Central Asia

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.0

          2.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          0.0

          3.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          36

          18

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          -1.0

          0.3

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.5



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          41.2

          6.5

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          8.9

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          3.7

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          8.0

          7.5

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          20

          23

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          4.2

          ..

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          0

          ..

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          90

          89

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          96

          95

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,230

          2,475

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          90.5

          85.8

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          8.6

          9.9

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          6.2

          2.8

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          98

          22,652

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.0



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          55



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.7



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          98

          95

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          103

          97

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.8

          7.7

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          320.9

          708.0

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          5.5

          .. 3.0

          3,110

          937

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.6

          214

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.3

          76

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          843

          2,833

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          175.5

          276.8

          217.9

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          9/7/2010 (2nd)

          n/a Yes n/a

          ..


          5

          12

          n/a n/a

          Population (thousands)

          107.5

          GDP ($ millions)

          ..

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          ..

          Climate



          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          ..

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.5 to 2.1

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          ..

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          –121 to 24

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          14 / 27

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –3 / –3



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          29.6

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          29.6

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.4

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.1

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          95

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          99

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          21.7

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          2.3

          13,285

          Aruba


          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          .. 1,539

          .. 813

          .. 460

          .. 4,944

          .. 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Australia

          Population (millions)

          22.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          924.8

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.3

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          43,590

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          15 / 28

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.7 to 2.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          535

          –67 to 54

          4 / 9

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.1

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          7.2

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          58

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.6

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          3.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          4.9

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          0.4

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          10.5

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          5

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,764

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          12.6

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.9

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          4.0


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          15

          ..

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          98

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          18.6


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          539.6

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          399.2

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) 54.0

          126.5

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          63.0

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          6.5

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          5,636

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 174.9 147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2000) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          2/12/2010 (5th)

          5% / 25%

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          Austria

          Population (millions)

          8.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          376.2

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          46,690

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          2 / 10

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.9 to 2.9

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          1,110

          –70 to 27

          3 / 5

          –1 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          0.0

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          20

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.6

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          6.5

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          1.4

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          22.9

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          6,133

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          4.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          -7.1

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 32

          .. 97

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          97

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          8.1


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          224.4

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          67.7

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) -17.5

          8.5

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          4.4

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.3

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          3,944

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 111.8 147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          2/16/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          Population (millions)

          9.0

          GDP ($ billions)

          51.1

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.2

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          5,080

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          7 / 17

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.9 to 3.1

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          447

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –58 to 3

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 6

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –1 / –1

          Azerbaijan



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Europe & Central Asia

          Upper middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          20.0

          2.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          29.8

          3.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          22

          18

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.0

          0.3

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          1.1



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          150.5

          6.5

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          29.5

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          3.7

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          7.1

          7.5

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          46

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          8.4

          ..

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          1

          ..

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          45

          89

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          80

          95

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,607

          2,475

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          50.6

          85.8

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          12.2

          9.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.1

          2.8

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          124

          22,652

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          66



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.1



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          92

          95

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          97

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          5.4

          7.7

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          670.4

          708.0

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          47.1

          –1.1

          36.6

          3,110

          937

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.6

          214

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          76

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,338

          2,833

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          155.7

          276.8

          227.1

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          6/7/2011 (2nd)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          1

          0

          n/a n/a

          Bahamas, The

          Population (thousands)

          342.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          7.5

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          20,610

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          20 / 30

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.4 to 1.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          1,292

          –96 to 74

          10 / 16

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          72.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          46.5

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          1.7

          ..

          ..

          1.0

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          13.7

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          16

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          97

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,196

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          57.4

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          11.4

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 85

          .. 95

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          101

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          6.5


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          263.6

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          2.2

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          ..

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,156

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          85.6 147.0


          11/5/2001 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          0

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          0

          n/a n/a

          Bahrain

          Population (millions)

          1.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          20.6

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          4.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          18,730

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          21 / 34

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          2.1 to 3.0

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          83

          –19 to 4

          5 / 9

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          39.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          66.6

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          4.7

          .. 6,375.0

          1.0

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          1.3

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          10

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          ..


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          99.4

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          81.5

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          5.2

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.2

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 38

          .. 101

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          101

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          21.4


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          899.2

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          22.5

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          2.8

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.3

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          8,096

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 369.8 147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          4/20/2005 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          ..

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Bangladesh

          Population (millions)

          148.7

          GDP ($ billions)

          100.1

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          700

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          20 / 30

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.7 to 2.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          2,665

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –126 to 120

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 12

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –2


          Country South


          Low

          data Asia

          income





          Exposure to Impacts




          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          14.1

          1.5

          0.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          14.0

          4.4

          5.1

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          14

          13

          11

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          3.5

          2.7

          3.7

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          4.6



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          50.6

          3.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          52.6

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          49.6

          40.3

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          1.6

          6.1

          10.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          48

          67

          108

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          41.3

          42.5

          28.3

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          1,510

          1,127

          16,659

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          53

          36

          35

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          80

          87

          63

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          4,140

          2,728

          2,047

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          41.0

          62.1

          23.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          9.5

          58.9

          14.1

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          0.6

          1.7

          0.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.0

          1.3

          3.2

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          617

          73,548

          4,471

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          4.0



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          122



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.0



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          61

          86

          65

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          108

          92

          91

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          0.3

          1.3

          0.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          235.8

          504.6

          270.2

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          46.5

          1,970

          219

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 7.8

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          92.4

          846

          436

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          21.4

          268

          209

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          9

          ..

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          201

          532

          365

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          141.9

          193.5

          303.9

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          11/12/2002 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          Yes Yes


          2

          0

          n/a n/a

          Barbados

          Population (thousands)

          273.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          3.2

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.3

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          12,660

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          22 / 30

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.4 to 1.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          2,066

          –154 to 14

          14 / 24

          –3 / –3


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          15.7

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          15.7

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          1.4

          .. 76.1

          1.0

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.1

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          20

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,640

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          6.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.5

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          4.0

          ..

          ..

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          5.0


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          267.5

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          1.4

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1997, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) 0.0

          ..

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,476

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          79.4 147.0


          10/30/2001 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          ..

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          9.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          54.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          –0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          6,130

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          2 / 10

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.2 to 3.1

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          618

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          8 to 70

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          2 / 5

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –2

          Belarus



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Europe & Central Asia

          Upper middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.0

          2.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          0.0

          3.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          20

          18

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.2

          0.3

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          11.7

          6.5

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          0.5

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          3.7

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          7.3

          7.5

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          6

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          1.3

          ..

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          93

          89

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          95

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          3,374

          2,475

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          88.6

          85.8

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          5.1

          9.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.6

          2.8

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          1,045

          22,652

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          69



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          96

          95

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          97

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          6.5

          7.7

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          556.9

          708.0

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          62.8

          –30.0

          11.5

          3,110

          937

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          11.7

          214

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.5

          76

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,815

          2,833

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          236.8

          276.8

          227.1

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          5/3/2010 (5th)

          5% to 10%

          n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          Belgium

          Population (millions)

          10.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          467.5

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          45,360

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          6 / 14

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.4 to 2.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          847

          –64 to 29

          3 / 5

          –1 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          9.2

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          14.3

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          18

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.5

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          0.4

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.9

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          9,711

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          78.2

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          3.3

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          13.4

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 28

          .. 87

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          98

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          9.8


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          291.8

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          104.9

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) –1.6

          10.1

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          6.6

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.1

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          5,221

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 159.1 147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          3/10/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          Belize

          Population (thousands)

          344.7

          GDP ($ billions)

          1.4

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          3.0

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          3,740

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          21 / 30

            1. to 2.6

              2,191

              –189 to 16

              8 / 21

              –1 / –2


              Latin Lower

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              9.5

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              15.8

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              35

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.5

              2.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.8



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.9

              2.0

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              12.4

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              27.9

              20.8

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              17

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4.9

              3.8

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              210

              206

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              90

              79

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              93

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,972

              3,337

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              93.4

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              17.0

              28.1

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              2.8

              6.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              6.7

              2.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              22

              33,064

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              93



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              106

              102

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              102

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.3

              2.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              212.0

              285.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.4

              –4.0

              ..

              1,584

              1,009

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              442

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              21

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              571

              1,245

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              92.1

              130.6

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              9/16/2002 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              8.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              6.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              780

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              22 / 33

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,039

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –207 to 97

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 19

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Benin



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.2

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              14.1

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.1

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.9



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.3

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              47.3

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              23.8

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              115

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              20.2

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              35,555

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              12

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              75

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,424

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              24.8

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              9.5

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.8

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.7

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              394

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              175



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.3



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              62

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              73

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.5

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              345.0

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.1

              –47.5

              4.1

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.9

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              404

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              284.0

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              10/21/2002 (1st)

              n/a Yes Yes

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              64.6

              GDP ($ billions)

              5.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              17 / 26

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.3 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              1,506

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –97 to 60

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              6 / 9

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –2 / –2



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              82.3

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              82.3

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.3

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              5.6

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.6

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              93

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              109

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              6.1

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.4

              13,285

              Bermuda


              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              Bhutan

              Population (thousands)

              725.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              1.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,880

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              1 / 14

              1.9 to 3.0

              1,667

              –112 to 298

              3 / 9

              –2 /–2



              Country South

              Lower middle

              data Asia

              income





              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              4.4

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              13

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              5.4

              2.7

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              50.6

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              6.8

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              26.2

              40.3

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              28.3

              6.1

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              56

              67

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              12.0

              42.5

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              100

              1,127

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              65

              36

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              92

              87

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,159

              2,728

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              62.1

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              62.0

              58.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.7

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.8

              1.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              201

              73,548

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              142



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.9



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              88

              86

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              92

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.0

              1.3

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              242.4

              504.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.7

              –3.5

              ..

              1,970

              846

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              268

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              9

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              354

              532

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              84.4

              193.5

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              11/13/200

              0 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              Yes

              ..


              2

              0

              n/a n/a

              Bolivia

              Population (millions)

              9.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              19.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,810

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              15 / 28

              2.1 to 3.0

              1,146

              –91 to 137

              5 / 17

              –2 / –2


              Latin Lower

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              33

              35

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.9

              2.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.7

              2.0

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              13.6

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              18.2

              20.8

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              54

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4.5

              3.8

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              365

              206

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              25

              79

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              86

              93

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,089

              3,337

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              77.5

              93.4

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              7.0

              28.1

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.4

              6.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.1

              2.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              37

              33,064

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              153



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.3



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              99

              102

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              102

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.3

              2.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              319.8

              285.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              12.8

              48.0

              30.3

              1,584

              1,009

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              15.1

              442

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              21

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              638

              1,245

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              150.2

              130.6

              217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              12/2/2009 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              4

              1,118

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              3.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              16.9

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              -0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              4,790

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              5 / 15

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.9 to 3.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,028

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –116 to -7

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 6

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Bosnia and Herzegovina



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.1

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.1

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.4

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.6

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              8

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              1.6

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              95

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              4,539

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              52.3

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.1

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.4

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              125

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              125



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.3



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              8.3

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              1,108.3

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              31.3

              -7.4

              2.7

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.2

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,580

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              217.7

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              5/26/2010 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              2.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              14.9

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              6,790

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              14 / 29

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.5 to 3.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              416

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –106 to 24

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 13

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / -2

              Botswana



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.8

              4.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              8.1

              3.2

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              31.2

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              30.9

              11.7

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              48

              121

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              10.7

              24.6

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              587

              26,113

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              60

              31

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              95

              60

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              569

              1,297

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              45.4

              32.5

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              32.6

              18.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.2

              1.2

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.6

              3.6

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              59

              11,957

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              54



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              95

              67

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              89

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              2.5

              0.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              197.3

              428.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.8

              –38.7

              4.5

              685

              590

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.1

              334

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,034

              689

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              87.8

              308.4

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              10/22/2001 (1st)

              n/a Yes n/a Yes


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Brazil

              Population (millions)

              194.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              2,087.9

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              9,390

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              20 / 30

              1.9 to 2.6

              1,782

              –95 to 136

              6 / 20

              –2 / –2


              Latin Upper

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.2

              1.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              4.9

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              41

              35

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              2.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.1

              2.0

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              3.8

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              28.0

              20.8

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              19

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              2.2

              3.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              210

              206

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              80

              79

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              97

              93

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,533

              3,337

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              98.3

              93.4

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              5.5

              28.1

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              8.2

              6.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.3

              2.3

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              16,733

              33,064

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              126



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              106

              102

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              103

              102

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              2.1

              2.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              214.2

              285.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              393.2

              1,329.1

              492.2

              1,584

              1,009

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              236.0

              442

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              11.8

              21

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,243

              1,245

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              131.7

              130.6

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              11/30/2010 (2nd)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              n/a Yes


              196

              57,990

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              398.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              10.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              31,800

              Brunei Darussalam


              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              23 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.5 to 1.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              2,722

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –185 to 111

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              15 / 27

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –2 / –3



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              3.3

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              9.2

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.0

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.1

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              42.9

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              7

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,291

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.7

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              77.2

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.3

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.0

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.8


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              83


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              104

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              27.5

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              588.2

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.6

              .. 5.8

              13,285

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              7,971

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 176.5 147.0


              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              ..

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              7.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              47.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              6,250

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              6 / 16

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.9 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              608

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              127 to -21

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 6

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –1

              Bulgaria




              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.4

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              1.5

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              16

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              -0.3

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              24.2

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              1.4

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              9.1

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              13

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              1.6

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              100

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,413

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              98.4

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              8.4

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              4.5

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              488

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              59



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              94

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              97

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              6.6

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              552.2

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              50.5

              –11.8

              10.9

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.2

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.4

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              2,305

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              202.1

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              2/12/2010 (5th)

              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a n/a 28

              2,556

              Population (millions)

              16.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              8.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              550

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              22 / 35

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.2 to 2.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              748

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –229 to 88

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 17

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Burkina Faso



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              12

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.8

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              7.9

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              56.5

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              13.9

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              176

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              26.0

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              45,322

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              11


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              76

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,002

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              14.6

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              4.2

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.8

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.4

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              299

              .. 150

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.7



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              47

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              88

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              113.1

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.9

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –1.4

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              590 436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              334 209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              689 365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              308.4 303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              5/16/2002 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              8.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              1.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              170

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              14 / 26

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,218

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –21 to 206

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              8 / 26

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Burundi



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.8

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.4



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.9

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              81.3

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.8

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              142

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              38.9

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              48,475

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              46


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              72

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,319

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              10.4

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.2

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.9

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              6

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              169



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.6



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              52

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              93

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.0


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              62.9

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.2

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              –15.3

              .. 590 436

              .. 334 209

              .. .. ..

              .. 689 365

              .. 308.4 303.9


              6/28/2010 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes Yes


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              14.1

              GDP ($ billions)

              11.3

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              760

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              22 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.6 to 2.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,903

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –109 to 95

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 18

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Cambodia



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              3.8

              2.5

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              10.6

              10.3

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              11

              ..

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.9

              3.3

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              6.6



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.8

              10.8

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              28.3

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              24.0

              14.9

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              51

              24

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              28.8

              9.0

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              1,798

              525

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              29

              59

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              61

              88

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,947

              4,860

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              24.0

              90.8

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              6.3

              15.9

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.0

              2.8

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              6.9

              3.0

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              1,775

              14,638

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              138



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.7



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              79

              97

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              90

              103

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.3

              4.3

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              175.4

              827.1

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.6

              –17.9

              20.2

              8,259

              1,928

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              5.8

              707

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              371

              1,436

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              201.3

              259.5

              303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              10/8/2002 (1st)

              n/a Yes Yes

              ..


              5

              11

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              19.6

              GDP ($ billions)

              22.4

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,180

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,604

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –71 to 115

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              6 / 22

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Cameroon



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.1

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.3

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              20

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.2

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.4

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              9.6

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              9.2

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              136

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              16.6

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              27,818

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              47

              31

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              74

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,524

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              48.7

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              8.4

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.8

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              –0.0

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              575

              11,957

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              161



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.9



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              73

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              86

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.3

              0.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              138.4

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              5.3

              22.2

              18.5

              685

              590

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              9.1

              334

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.4

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              361

              689

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              177.0

              308.4

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              1/31/20

              05 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a Yes n/a

              ..


              2

              0

              n/a n/a

              Canada

              Population (millions)

              34.1

              GDP ($ billions)

              1,574.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              41,950

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              -10 / -1

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              2.6 to 3.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              537

              17 to 88

              2 / 4

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              -2 / -2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              2.4

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              4.0

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              44

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.6

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              8.0

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              6

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,301

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              39.9

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              12.0

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.5

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.3


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              13

              .. 96


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              16.3


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              455.0

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              544.1

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              e) -12.1

              89.3

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              40.2

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              21.9

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              7,486

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 212.4 147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2005) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              3/3/2010 (5th)

              17%

              n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Population (thousands)

              496.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              1.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              3,270

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              20 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.4 to 1.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              424

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –32 to 12

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              8 / 15

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Cape Verde



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              14.5

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              13.8

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.4

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              6.8

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              21.0

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.5

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              36

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              23

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              54

              31

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              84

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              224

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              69.0

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.9

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              6.8

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              16

              11,957

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              119



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              4.0



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              87

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              103

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.6

              0.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              189.7

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              –0.1

              ..

              685

              590

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              334

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              213

              689

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              67.4

              308.4

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              1

              1/13/2000 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes Yes


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              56.2

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              ..

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.4 to 1.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              ..

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –122 to 39

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              11 / 18

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –2 / –2



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              60.3

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              59.6

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.8

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              8.7

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              96

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              95

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.0


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              84

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              10.1

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.6

              13,285

              Cayman Islands


              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              4.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              2.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              470

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              18 / 32

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,343

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –73 to 100

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 23

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Central African Republic



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.3

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.2



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.0

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              62.8

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              14.7

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              159

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              21.8

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              35,786

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              34


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              67

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              948

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.5

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.6

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              10

              .. 182

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.5



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              40

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              69

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              87.8

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.3

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              –139.3

              .. 590 436

              .. 334 209

              .. .. ..

              .. 689 365

              .. 308.4 303.9


              6/10/2003 (1st)

              n/a Yes Yes

              ..


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              11.2

              GDP ($ billions)

              7.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              620

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 35

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.3 to 2.6

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              322

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –79 to 41

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 14

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Chad



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.5

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.4

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              61.9

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              9.4

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              173

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              33.9

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              39,508

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              9


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              50

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              880

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              0.8

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              10.3

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              345

              .. 183

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.2



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              33

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              64

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.0


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              36.8

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.5

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1993, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              –46.2

              .. 590 436

              .. 334 209

              .. .. ..

              .. 689 365

              .. 308.4 303.9


              10/29/2001 (1st)

              n/a Yes Yes

              ..


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Channel Islands

              Population (thousands)

              153.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              11.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.5

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              67,960

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              ..

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              ..

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              ..

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              ..

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              ..

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              ..



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              ..

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              ..

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.5

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              ..

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a n/a n/a

              Chile

              Population (millions)

              17.1

              GDP ($ billions)

              203.4

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              9,950

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              4 / 13

                1. to 1.9

                  716

                  –118 to 24

                  4 / 7

                  –2 / –2


                  Latin Upper

                  Country America & middle

                  data the Carib. income

                  Exposure to Impacts


                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  3.1

                  1.5

                  1.8

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  1.6

                  3.8

                  6.5

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  35

                  35

                  22

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  1.6

                  2.0

                  2.3

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

                  0.3



                  Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  1.3

                  2.0

                  5.6

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  5.6

                  ..

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  <2

                  8.1

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  16.5

                  20.8

                  13.6

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  9

                  23

                  20

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  0.5

                  3.8

                  4.1

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  ..

                  206

                  80

                  Resilience




                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

                  96

                  79

                  68

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  96

                  93

                  92

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  5,472

                  3,337

                  3,690

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  98.5

                  93.4

                  98.0

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  20.2

                  28.1

                  50.5

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  1.3

                  6.9

                  4.5

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  7.4

                  2.3

                  2.7

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

                  1,266

                  33,064

                  26,166

                  Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

                  2.8



                  Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  39



                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

                  ..



                  Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  95

                  102

                  98

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  99

                  102

                  103

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use




                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

                  4.4

                  2.8

                  5.3

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  325.0

                  285.6

                  659.4

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  73.1

                  –9.2

                  18.1

                  1,584

                  1,009

                  12,860

                  3,455

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  8.1

                  442

                  1,144

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  0.0

                  21

                  243

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

                  1,826

                  1,245

                  1,848

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  134.3

                  130.6

                  227.1

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

                  NAPA submission Renewable energy target

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


                  2/8/2000 (1st)

                  n/a Yes, with Goal

                  n/a Yes


                  51

                  7,307

                  n/a n/a

                  China

                  Population (millions) 1,338.3 GDP ($ billions) 5,878.6

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 0.8 GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  4,260

                  Climate


                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

                  1 / 13

                  Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 2.1 to 3.0

                  Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  627

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) –

                  37 to 86

                  Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

                  3 / 6

                  Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

                  –1 / –2



                  East

                  Upper


                  Country

                  Asia &

                  middle


                  data

                  Pacific

                  income

                  Exposure to Impacts




                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  1.4

                  2.5

                  1.8

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  8.1

                  10.3

                  6.5

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  18

                  ..

                  22

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  3.3

                  3.3

                  2.3

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

                  8.0



                  Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  19.7

                  10.8

                  5.6

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  10.2

                  ..

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  15.9

                  16.8

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  16.6

                  14.9

                  13.6

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  18

                  24

                  20

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  4.5

                  9.0

                  4.1

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  3

                  525

                  80

                  Resilience




                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

                  55

                  59

                  68

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  89

                  88

                  92

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  5,450

                  4,860

                  3,690

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  99.4

                  90.8

                  98.0

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  53.5

                  15.9

                  50.5

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  2.8

                  2.8

                  4.5

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  3.1

                  3.0

                  2.7

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

                  942

                  14,638

                  26,166

                  Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

                  ..



                  Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  91



                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

                  ..



                  Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  ..

                  97

                  98

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  105

                  103

                  103

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use




                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

                  5.3

                  4.3

                  5.3

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  929.3

                  827.1

                  659.4

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  7,031.9

                  –407.5

                  1,333.1

                  8,259

                  1,928

                  12,860

                  3,455

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  467.2

                  707

                  1,144

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  141.4

                  ..

                  243

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

                  1,695

                  1,436

                  1,848

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP

                  $) 273.2

                  259.5

                  227.1

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

                  NAPA submission Renewable energy target

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


                  12/10/2004 (1st)

                  n/a Yes, with Goal

                  n/a Yes


                  1,604

                  430,696

                  n/a n/a

                  Colombia

                  Population (millions)

                  46.3

                  GDP ($ billions)

                  288.2

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

                  1.7

                  GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  5,510

                  Climate

                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

                  20 / 29

            2. to 2.5

              2,612

              –80 to 199

              8 / 27

              –2 / –3


              Latin Upper

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.9

              1.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              2.0

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              38

              35

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              2.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.6

              2.0

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              16.0

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              20.4

              20.8

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              19

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              5.1

              3.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              394

              206

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              74

              79

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              92

              93

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              4,017

              3,337

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              93.6

              93.4

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              28.1

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.4

              6.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.3

              2.3

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              3,549

              33,064

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              42



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              115

              102

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              105

              102

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.5

              2.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              182.3

              285.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              67.7

              26.0

              58.1

              1,584

              1,009

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              21.3

              442

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              21

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              697

              1,245

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              84.5

              130.6

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              12/7/2010 (2nd)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              n/a

              ..


              34

              1,094

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              734.8

              GDP ($ millions)

              541.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.6

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              750

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              22 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.5 to 1.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,754

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –9 to 140

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              12 / 19

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Comoros



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              13.5

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              14.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.6

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.8

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              46.1

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.0

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              86

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              25.0

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              24,619

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              36

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              95

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,064

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              76.5

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.9

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.7

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              1

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              1.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              157



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              81

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              84

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.2

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              179.3

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              –0.9

              ..

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              60

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              59.5

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              4/5/20

              03 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              66.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              13.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              180

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              18 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,543

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –48 to 128

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              6 / 25

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Congo, Dem. Rep.



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              18

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.2

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.1

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              59.2

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              10.0

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              170

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              28.2

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              37,400

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              23

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              46

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              789

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              11.1

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              1.8

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.6

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              22.4

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              174

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              178



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.2



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              56

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              77

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.0

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              151.2

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.8

              –178.8

              56.4

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              54.6

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              357

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              1,196.4

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              11/28/2009 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              2

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              4.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              11.9

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.6

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              2,150

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              20 / 29

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,646

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –40 to 134

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              9 / 26

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Congo, Rep.



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.1

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              1.0

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              33

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.3

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.0

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              54.1

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              9.4

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              93

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              11.8

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              34,298

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              30

              31

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              71

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              862

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              37.1

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              7.1

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.9

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              23.7

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              77

              11,957

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              181



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.6



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              74

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              92

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.5

              0.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              147.0

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.9

              -82.1

              5.6

              685

              590

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.6

              334

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              356

              689

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              99.1

              308.4

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              11/27/200

              9 (2nd)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a Yes n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              20.3

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              22 / 28

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.3 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,925

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –57 to 174

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              11 / 16

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Cook Islands



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              87.9

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              62.0

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              3.3

              10.8

              2.3

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.8

              14.9

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              9

              24

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              80

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              59


              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              94

              88

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              5.9

              2.8

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              3.0

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              14,638

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              3.5

              ..

              .. 102


              97


              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              106

              103

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              3.4


              4.3


              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.1

              8,259

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              10/30/1999 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Costa Rica

              Population (millions)

              4.7

              GDP ($ billions)

              34.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              6,550

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              20 / 30

                1. to 2.3

                  2,926

                  –239 to 60

                  12 / 27

                  –3 / –3


                  Latin Upper

                  Country America & middle

                  data the Carib. income

                  Exposure to Impacts


                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  2.1

                  1.5

                  1.8

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  0.8

                  3.8

                  6.5

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  31

                  35

                  22

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  3.3

                  2.0

                  2.3

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

                  0.7



                  Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  2.4

                  2.0

                  5.6

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  1.5

                  ..

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  <2

                  8.1

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  20.9

                  20.8

                  13.6

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  10

                  23

                  20

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  ..

                  3.8

                  4.1

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  51

                  206

                  80

                  Resilience




                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

                  95

                  79

                  68

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  97

                  93

                  92

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  3,770

                  3,337

                  3,690

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  99.3

                  93.4

                  98.0

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  25.3

                  28.1

                  50.5

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  2.3

                  6.9

                  4.5

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  4.1

                  2.3

                  2.7

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

                  144

                  33,064

                  26,166

                  Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

                  4.5



                  Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  121



                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

                  ..



                  Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  96

                  102

                  98

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  102

                  102

                  103

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use




                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

                  1.8

                  2.8

                  5.3

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  171.0

                  285.6

                  659.4

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e)

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  8.0

                  -3.5

                  2.6

                  1,584

                  1,009

                  12,860

                  3,455

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  1.3

                  442

                  1,144

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  0.1

                  21

                  243

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

                  1,067

                  1,245

                  1,848

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  106.1

                  130.6

                  227.1

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

                  NAPA submission Renewable energy target

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


                  10/7/2009 (2nd)

                  n/a Yes, with Goal

                  n/a

                  ..


                  8

                  320

                  n/a n/a

                  Population (millions)

                  19.7

                  GDP ($ billions)

                  22.8

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

                  2.3

                  GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  1,160

                  Climate


                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

                  21 / 32

                  Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

                  1.8 to 2.4

                  Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  1,348

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

                  –125 to 73

                  Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

                  7 / 23

                  Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

                  –2 / –2

                  Côte d’Ivoire



                  Exposure to Impacts


                  Country data

                  Sub- Saharan Africa

                  Lower middle income

                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  0.2

                  0.4

                  1.7

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  3.2

                  2.0

                  6.5

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  21

                  14

                  14

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  3.4

                  4.0

                  2.8

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

                  0.0



                  Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  1.8

                  3.2

                  18.7

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  23.8

                  50.9

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  22.6

                  11.7

                  9.5

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  123

                  121

                  69

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  16.7

                  24.6

                  31.7

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  36,482

                  26,113

                  4,874

                  Resilience




                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

                  23

                  31

                  45

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  80

                  60

                  84

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  1,900

                  1,297

                  2,754

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  47.3

                  32.5

                  67.3

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  7.9

                  18.3

                  29.3

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  0.6

                  1.2

                  2.6

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  1.8

                  3.6

                  2.4

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

                  319

                  11,957

                  81,789

                  Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

                  2.5



                  Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  167



                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

                  2.4



                  Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  46

                  67

                  88

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  69

                  89

                  93

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use




                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

                  0.4

                  0.8

                  1.6

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  223.0

                  428.6

                  523.9

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  7.0

                  –18.4

                  11.0

                  685

                  590

                  3,744

                  1,705

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  7.4

                  334

                  687

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  0.0

                  ..

                  17

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

                  535

                  689

                  680

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  317.2

                  308.4

                  217.9

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

                  NAPA submission Renewable energy target

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


                  4/26/2010 (2nd)

                  n/a Yes n/a

                  ..


                  3

                  0

                  n/a n/a

                  Croatia

                  Population (millions)

                  4.4

                  GDP ($ billions)

                  60.9

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

                  –0.4

                  GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  13,780

                  Climate

                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



                  6 / 16

                  Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


                  1.9 to 2.9

                  Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


                  1,113

                  –112 to –2

                  3 / 6

                  –2 / –2


                  Exposure to Impacts


                  Country data


                  High income

                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  3.0

                  2.2

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  3.4

                  7.7

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  ..

                  ..

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  0.0

                  1.0

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

                  0.0


                  Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  ..

                  10.4

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  0.4

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  <2

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  7.3

                  13.4

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  6

                  6

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  1.0

                  ..

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  ..

                  ..

                  Resilience

                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


                  99


                  100

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  99

                  100

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  6,117

                  5,445

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  ..

                  ..

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  86.9

                  87.3

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  2.7

                  10.7

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  0.5

                  1.8

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

                  Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  719

                  .. 80

                  .. 97

                  ..


                  97

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  102

                  100

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use

                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


                  5.3


                  11.9

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  303.5

                  354.4

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  23.3

                  13,285

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  e) -8.7

                  3.9

                  1,539

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  2.9

                  813

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

                  0.1

                  460

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

                  1,965

                  4,944

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 120.6 147.0

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication

                  Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

                  NAPA submission Renewable energy target

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

                  .. 5%

                  n/a n/a

                  ..


                  n/a n/a

                  ..

                  ..

                  Cuba

                  Population (millions)

                  11.3

                  GDP ($ billions)

                  62.7

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

                  0.3

                  GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  5,520

                  Climate

                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

                  20 / 30

    2. to 1.8

      1,335

      –108 to 39

      11 / 18

      –2 / –2


      Latin Upper

      Country America & middle

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      12.7

      1.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      10.0

      3.8

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      19

      35

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.5

      2.0

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.7



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      19.8

      2.0

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      6.2

      20.8

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      6

      23

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      3.4

      3.8

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      206

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      91

      79

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      94

      93

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      2,069

      3,337

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      97.0

      93.4

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      49.0

      28.1

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      15.0

      6.9

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      0.0

      2.3

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      60

      33,064

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      4.5



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      ..



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      98

      102

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      99

      102

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      2.8

      2.8

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      285.6

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1996, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      31.4

      –21.7

      9.5

      1,584

      1,009

      12,860

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      6.4

      442

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.1

      21

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      1,022

      1,245

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      130.6

      227.1

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      9/28/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      2

      171

      n/a n/a

      Curaçao

      Population (thousands)

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      142.7

      –0.1

      GDP ($ millions)

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      ..

      ..

      Climate



      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


      ..

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      ..

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


      ..

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


      ..

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


      ..

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      ..



      Country


      High


      data

      income

      Exposure to Impacts



      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      ..

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      ..

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      ..

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      ..

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      ..

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience



      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      ..

      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      ..

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      ..

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      ..

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      ..

      ..

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..


      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      ..


      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..


      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      ..

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use



      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      ..

      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      ..

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      ..

      .. 1,539

      .. 813

      .. 460

      .. 4,944

      .. 147.0


      n/a n/a n/a n/a

      ..


      n/a

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a n/a n/a

      Cyprus

      Population (millions)

      1.1

      GDP ($ billions)

      25.0

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.8

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      30,480

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      13 / 24

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.7 to 2.3

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      498

      –98 to –44

      4 / 7

      –2 / –2


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      6.4

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      9.7

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.1

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      24.5

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      20.8

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      11.0

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      4

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      100


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      900

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      64.6

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      6.3

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      23.4

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      .. 40

      .. 103

      ..


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      100

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      7.9


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      410.2

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      8.6

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      0.6

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.3

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.2

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      2,298

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 121.4 147.0

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      .. 20% / 30%

      ..

      n/a Yes


      8

      0

      n/a n/a

      Czech Republic

      Population (millions)

      10.5

      GDP ($ billions)

      192.2

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.1

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      17,890

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      3 / 12

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.9 to 2.8

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      677

      –43 to 55

      3 / 5

      –1 / –2


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      0.0

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      0.0

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      11

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.0

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.2


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      13.6

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      0.3

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      <2

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      15.1

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      4

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      2.1

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      98


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      5,074

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      100.0

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      12.2

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      3.5

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      ..

      ..

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      2.8


      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      64

      .. 99


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      101

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      11.2


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      483.3

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      117.0

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) –6.9

      11.5

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      8.9

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.1

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      4,022

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 178.3 147.0

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      11/30/2009 (5th)

      20% / 30% (EU)

      n/a n/a Yes


      n/a n/a 58

      607

      Denmark

      Population (millions)

      5.5

      GDP ($ billions)

      310.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      59,210

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      4 / 11

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.6 to 2.5

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      703

      21 to 87

      3 / 5

      –2 / –2


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      17.7

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      18.5

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      21

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.5

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      17.4

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      9.6

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      5.0

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      4

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      100


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      6,776

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      100.0

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      18.0

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      -0.2

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      .. 5

      .. 97

      ..


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      102

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      8.4


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      246.4

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      46.0

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) –1.1

      7.9

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      6.3

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.4

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      3,550

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 108.9 147.0

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      1/11/2010 (5th)

      20% / 30% (EU)

      n/a n/a Yes


      n/a n/a

      ..

      ..

      Population (thousands)

      888.7

      GDP ($ billions)

      1.0

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      2.3

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      1,270

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      23 / 33

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      2.0 to 2.7

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      220

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –29 to 57

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      7 / 16

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –2 / –3

      Djibouti



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Middle East &

      N. Africa

      Lower middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      2.6

      1.4

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      7.6

      9.7

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      20

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      3.0

      2.5

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      6.8



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      6.3

      121.9

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      18.8

      3.6

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      0.0

      4.0

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      91

      34

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      29.6

      6.8

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      467

      ..

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      56

      84

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      92

      87

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      1,111

      2,512

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      92.9

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      45.0

      74.3

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      0.8

      3.6

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      9.2

      2.9

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      396

      5,854

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      170



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      2.8



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      35

      88

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      82

      93

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      0.6

      3.8

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      302.5

      604.6

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.5

      –0.6

      ..

      1,230

      287

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      74

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      7

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      170

      1,399

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      87.3

      213.9

      217.9

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      6/2/2002 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      Yes

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Dominica

      Population (thousands)

      67.8

      GDP ($ millions)

      382.8

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      –0.2

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      5,410

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      19 / 26

        1. to 1.7

      3,436

      -106 to 42

      13 / 24

      -3 / -3


      Latin Upper

      Country America & middle

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      9.4

      1.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      10.4

      3.8

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      35

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.3

      2.0

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      2.0

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      21.7

      20.8

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      12

      23

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      3.8

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      206

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      81

      79

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      95

      93

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      1,437

      3,337

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      93.4

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      50.4

      28.1

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      ..

      6.9

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      8.1

      2.3

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      5

      33,064

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      65



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      3.9



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      89

      102

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      102

      102

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      1.9

      2.8

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      214.5

      285.6

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.1

      –0.4

      ..

      1,584

      1,009

      12,860

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      442

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      21

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      628

      1,245

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      74.4

      130.6

      227.1

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      12/4/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Dominican Republic

      Population (millions)

      9.9

      GDP ($ billions)

      51.6

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.6

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      5,000

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      20 / 29

    3. to 1.8

      1,410

      –128 to 30

      12 / 24

      –3 / –3


      Latin Upper

      Country America & middle

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      4.1

      1.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      3.0

      3.8

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      22

      35

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.8

      2.0

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.1



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      16.6

      2.0

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      9.0

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      4.3

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      22.1

      20.8

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      27

      23

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      3.4

      3.8

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      46

      206

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      83

      79

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      86

      93

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      2,846

      3,337

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      95.9

      93.4

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      49.4

      28.1

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      3.7

      6.9

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      3.2

      2.3

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      69

      33,064

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      3.0



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      108



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      90

      102

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      97

      102

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      2.2

      2.8

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      289.4

      285.6

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      21.6

      –18.8

      6.1

      1,584

      1,009

      12,860

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      2.3

      442

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      21

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      826

      1,245

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      104.7

      130.6

      227.1

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      11/17/2009 (2nd)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a Yes


      2

      12

      n/a n/a

      Ecuador

      Population (millions)

      14.5

      GDP ($ billions)

      58.9

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.7

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      4,290

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      16 / 28

        1. to 2.3

          2,087

          22 to 273

          10 / 24

          –3 / –3


          Latin Upper

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          2.0

          1.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          7.3

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          31

          35

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.7

          2.0

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.3



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          3.5

          2.0

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          12.6

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          4.4

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          25.1

          20.8

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          20

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          6.2

          3.8

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          63

          206

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          92

          79

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          94

          93

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,974

          3,337

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          92.2

          93.4

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          14.8

          28.1

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          3.1

          6.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.3

          2.3

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          239

          33,064

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          4.8



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          130



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          106

          102

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          102

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.9

          2.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          263.2

          285.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          26.8

          46.9

          17.1

          1,584

          1,009

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          4.6

          442

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          21

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          796

          1,245

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          111.0

          130.6

          227.1

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          11/15/2000 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          17

          1,184

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          81.1

          GDP ($ billions)

          218.9

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.8

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          2,440

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          15 / 29

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.9 to 2.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          51

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –20 to 1

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          4 / 8

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –2

          Egypt, Arab Rep.



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Middle East &

          N. Africa

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          4.0

          1.4

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          25.6

          9.7

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          19

          20

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.7

          2.5

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          3,788.9

          121.9

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          3.6

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          5.9

          4.0

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          22

          34

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          6.8

          6.8

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          0

          ..

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          94

          84

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          99

          87

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          7,571

          2,512

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          99.6

          92.9

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          86.9

          74.3

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          6.4

          3.6

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.9

          2.9

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          2,588

          5,854

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          110



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          96

          88

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          96

          93

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          2.7

          3.8

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          514.8

          604.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          210.3

          –9.9

          47.0

          1,230

          287

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          19.0

          74

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          3.2

          7

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          903

          1,399

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          164.5

          213.9

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          6/7/2010 (2nd)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a Yes


          9

          7,012

          n/a n/a

          El Salvador

          Population (millions)

          6.2

          GDP ($ billions)

          21.8

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          3,360

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          18 / 31

            1. to 2.9

          1,724

          –205 to 14

          9 / 25

          –2 / –2


          Latin Lower

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          2.5

          1.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          1.7

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          25

          35

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.8

          2.0

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.4



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          7.8

          2.0

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          2.1

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          5.1

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.8

          20.8

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          16

          23

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          6.1

          3.8

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          1

          206

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          87

          79

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          87

          93

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,727

          3,337

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          86.4

          93.4

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          19.8

          28.1

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.0

          6.9

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.0

          2.3

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          152

          33,064

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          112



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          89

          102

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          98

          102

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.0

          2.8

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          158.9

          285.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          6.1

          3.9

          3.1

          1,584

          1,009

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.4

          442

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          21

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          828

          1,245

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          137.5

          130.6

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          4/10/2000 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          6

          790

          n/a n/a

          Equatorial Guinea

          Population (thousands)

          700.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          14.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          3.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          14,540

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          21 / 29

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.8 to 2.1

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          2,156

          –16 to 129

          13 / 27

          –3 / –3


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.9

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          2.6

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          3.8

          .. 0.1

          1.0

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          19.2

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          121

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          10.6

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          27,726

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          51


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          43

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          0.8

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          5.0

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 155

          .. 50

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          83

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          7.3


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          234.6

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          4.8

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          ..

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,732

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          94.9

          147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication



          ..

          Annex-I emissions reduction target

          NAMA submission NAPA submission

          Renewable energy target


          n/a

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          0

          0

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          5.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          2.1

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          340

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          19 / 32

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.1 to 2.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          384

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –55 to 26

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          7 / 14

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –2

          Eritrea



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Sub- Saharan Africa


          Low income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          3.1

          0.4

          0.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          1.2

          2.0

          5.1

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          14

          11

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          4.1

          4.0

          3.7

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          7.3



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          20.8

          3.2

          3.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          50.9

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          5.0

          11.7

          10.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          61

          121

          108

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          34.5

          24.6

          28.3

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          762

          26,113

          16,659

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          14

          31

          35

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          61

          60

          63

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          500

          1,297

          2,047

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          32.0

          32.5

          23.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          21.8

          18.3

          14.1

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          0.6

          1.2

          0.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.6

          3.6

          3.2

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          40

          11,957

          4,471

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          180



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          2.7



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          48

          67

          65

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          77

          89

          91

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          0.1

          0.8

          0.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          171.0

          428.6

          270.2

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          1.7

          2.5

          685

          590

          219

          436

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.2

          334

          209

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          ..

          ..

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          142

          689

          365

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          288.2

          308.4

          303.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          9/16/2002 (1st)

          n/a Yes Yes

          ..


          ..

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Estonia

          Population (millions)

          1.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          18.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          –0.8

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          14,370

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          2 / 9

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          2.2 to 3.2

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          626

          33 to 93

          2 / 5

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          3.4

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          7.2

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          -0.9

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          1.2

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          20.0

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          5

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          95


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          98

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,761

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          28.8

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          10.2

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          8.2

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 24

          .. 100

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          101

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          13.6


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          731.7

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          18.3

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) –7.0

          2.1

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.9

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          4,085

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          249.8 147.0


          2/12/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a 12

          0

          Population (millions)

          82.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          29.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          390

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          16 / 29

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.1 to 2.5

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          848

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –42 to 79

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          7 / 21

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –3

          Ethiopia



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Sub- Saharan Africa


          Low income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.7

          0.4

          0.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          0.4

          2.0

          5.1

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          4

          14

          11

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          4.4

          4.0

          3.7

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          3.3



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          4.6

          3.2

          3.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          0.5

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          39.0

          50.9

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          18.4

          11.7

          10.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          106

          121

          108

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          34.6

          24.6

          28.3

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          11,509

          26,113

          16,659

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          12

          31

          35

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          38

          60

          63

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,677

          1,297

          2,047

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          17.0

          32.5

          23.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          13.7

          18.3

          14.1

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          0.3

          1.2

          0.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.6

          3.6

          3.2

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          4

          11,957

          4,471

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          111



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.2



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          55

          67

          65

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          88

          89

          91

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          0.1

          0.8

          0.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          109.9

          428.6

          270.2

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          7.1

          –9.9

          52.2

          685

          590

          219

          436

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          30.5

          334

          209

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          ..

          ..

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          402

          689

          365

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          464.6

          308.4

          303.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          10/16/2001 (1st)

          n/a Yes Yes

          ..


          1

          0

          n/a n/a

          Faeroe Islands

          Population (thousands)

          48.7

          GDP ($ billions)

          2.2

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          ..

          Climate



          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          4 / 8

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          0.6 to 1.6

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          1,578

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          16 to 95

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          4 / 5

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –1 / –1



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          14.5

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          11.0

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.8

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          ..

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          14.6

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          0.7

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          .. 1,539

          .. 813

          .. 460

          .. 4,944

          .. 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Population (thousands)

          860.6

          GDP ($ billions)

          3.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.8

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          3,580

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          21 / 28

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.3 to 1.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          2,593

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –93 to 271

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          10 / 18

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –3 / –3

          Fiji



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          East Asia & Pacific

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          11.4

          2.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          11.0

          10.3

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.1

          3.3

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          1.7



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          0.3

          10.8

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          16.8

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          1.3

          14.9

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          17

          24

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          9.0

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          525

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          59

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          88

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,458

          4,860

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          90.8

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          49.2

          15.9

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.4

          2.8

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          4.3

          3.0

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          90

          14,638

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          2.8



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          77



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          92

          97

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          103

          103

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.5

          4.3

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          348.5

          827.1

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.3

          –7.7

          ..

          8,259

          1,928

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          707

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          ..

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          627

          1,436

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          145.9

          259.5

          217.9

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          5/18/2006 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a Yes


          2

          36

          n/a n/a

          Finland

          Population (millions)

          5.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          238.8

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          47,160

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          –2 / 6

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          2.4 to 3.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          536

          37 to 103

          2 / 4

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.1

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          4.4

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          21

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.6

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          2.1

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          2.8

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          9.1

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          3

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          3,760

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          65.5

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.8

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.5


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          11

          .. 97


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          10.6


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          316.3

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          56.5

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) –40.6

          9.7

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          7.1

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.8

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          6,639

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          210.6 147.0


          12/23/2009 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a 3

          245

          France

          Population (millions)

          64.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          2,560.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          42,390

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          7 / 15

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.6 to 2.6

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          867

          –112 to 2

          4 / 6

          –1 / –1


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          2.1

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          4.0

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          22

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.8

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          15.9

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          5.1

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          15.1

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          7,456

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          8.9

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.3

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 29

          .. 98

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          100

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          5.9


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          193.5

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          377.0

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) –63.9

          77.3

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          49.1

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          15.5

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          4,073

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          137.4 147.0


          2/8/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a 17

          3,535

          French Polynesia

          Population (thousands)

          270.8

          GDP ($ millions)

          ..

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.6

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          ..

          Climate



          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          ..

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.3 to 1.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          ..

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          –79 to 283

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          16 / 25

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –3 / –3



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          37.6

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          19.8

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.2

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.4

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          98

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          1.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          3.4

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          0.9

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          .. 1,539

          .. 813

          .. 460

          .. 4,944

          .. 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          1.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          13.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          7,740

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          21 / 29

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.8 to 2.2

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          1,831

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –51 to 148

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          14 / 27

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –3 / –3

          Gabon



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Sub- Saharan Africa

          Upper middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.5

          0.4

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          5.9

          2.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          14

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          3.5

          4.0

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          0.1

          3.2

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          4.8

          50.9

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          14.9

          11.7

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          74

          121

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          8.8

          24.6

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          29,451

          26,113

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          33

          31

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          87

          60

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,389

          1,297

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          36.7

          32.5

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          10.2

          18.3

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          5.3

          1.2

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.3

          3.6

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          125

          11,957

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          156



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          70

          67

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          96

          89

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.7

          0.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          126.8

          428.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.5

          –500.9

          8.2

          685

          590

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.5

          334

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          ..

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,214

          689

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          93.3

          308.4

          227.1

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          12/22/2004 (1st)

          n/a Yes n/a Yes


          ..

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          1.7

          GDP ($ millions)

          806.5

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.9

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          450

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          20 / 35

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.1 to 2.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          837

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –87 to 26

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          7 / 17

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –3

          Gambia, The



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Sub- Saharan Africa


          Low income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          16.6

          0.4

          0.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          33.4

          2.0

          5.1

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          14

          11

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          5.0

          4.0

          3.7

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.2



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          2.4

          3.2

          3.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          34.3

          50.9

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          1.5

          11.7

          10.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          98

          121

          108

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          15.8

          24.6

          28.3

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          31,925

          26,113

          16,659

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          67

          31

          35

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          92

          60

          63

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,049

          1,297

          2,047

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          32.5

          23.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          19.3

          18.3

          14.1

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          0.6

          1.2

          0.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          4.6

          3.6

          3.2

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          35

          11,957

          4,471

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          149



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.0



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          72

          67

          65

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          100

          89

          91

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          0.3

          0.8

          0.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          209.4

          428.6

          270.2

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1993, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          –50.0

          ..

          685

          590

          219

          436

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          334

          209

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          84

          689

          365

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          71.5

          308.4

          303.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          10/6/2003 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          Yes

          ..


          ..

          ..

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          4.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          11.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          –0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          2,690

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          0 / 11

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.9 to 3.0

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          1,026

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –77 to -3

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 6

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –1 / –1

          Georgia



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Europe & Central Asia

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.4

          2.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          3.3

          3.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          25

          18

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          -0.6

          0.3

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.8



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          2.8

          6.5

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          4.0

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          15.3

          3.7

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          3.7

          7.5

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          22

          23

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          2.3

          ..

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          0

          ..

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          95

          89

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          98

          95

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,918

          2,475

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          94.1

          85.8

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          8.4

          9.9

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          4.7

          2.8

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          61

          22,652

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          2.8



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          16



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.9



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          107

          95

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          96

          97

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.2

          7.7

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          262.8

          708.0

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          5.2

          1.0

          4.4

          3,110

          937

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.0

          214

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          76

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          723

          2,833

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          167.4

          276.8

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          10/2/2009 (2nd)

          n/a Yes n/a

          ..


          2

          53

          n/a n/a

          Germany

          Population (millions)

          81.7

          GDP ($ billions)

          3,309.7

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          43,290

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          5 / 12

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.7 to 2.6

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          700

          –38 to 57

          3 / 5

          –1 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          4.9

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          4.4

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          8

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.2

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          36.6

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          40.5

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          1.1

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          7,201

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          14.4

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.4

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          4.3


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          19

          .. 104


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          96

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          9.6


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          283.8

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          786.7

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          17.6

          67.6

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          56.6

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          31.5

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          4,057

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          121.1

          147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication



          2/11/2010 (5th)

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

          NAMA submission NAPA submission

          Renewable energy target


          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          n/a n/a 11

          2,087

          Population (millions)

          24.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          31.3

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          1,230

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          22 / 32

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.8 to 2.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          1,187

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –159 to 83

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          7 / 22

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –2

          Ghana



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Sub- Saharan Africa

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.8

          0.4

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          2.3

          2.0

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          17

          14

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          4.2

          4.0

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          1.0



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          3.2

          3.2

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          30.0

          50.9

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          14.0

          11.7

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          74

          121

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          14.3

          24.6

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          31,179

          26,113

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          13

          31

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          82

          60

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,660

          1,297

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          60.5

          32.5

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          14.9

          18.3

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          1.1

          1.2

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          8.1

          3.6

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          290

          11,957

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          63



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.7



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          83

          67

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          95

          89

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          0.4

          0.8

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          267.6

          428.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1996, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          8.6

          –19.0

          9.0

          685

          590

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          4.9

          334

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          ..

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          388

          689

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          275.0

          308.4

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          5/2/2001 (1st)

          n/a Yes n/a Yes


          0

          0

          n/a n/a

          Population (thousands)

          29.2

          GDP ($ millions)

          ..

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          ..

          Gibraltar


          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          13 / 22

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.8 to 2.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          618

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          –100 to –26

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          3 / 8

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –2 / –2



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          100.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          100.0

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          ..

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          4.7

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          14.4

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          .. 0.0

          13,285

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          5,597

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          147.0

          National-Level Actions



          Latest UNFCCC national communication


          n/a

          Annex-I emissions reduction target


          n/a

          NAMA submission


          n/a

          NAPA submission


          n/a

          Renewable energy target


          ..

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          11.3

          GDP ($ billions)

          304.9

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          27,260

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          11 / 20

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.7 to 2.6

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          652

          110 to -40

          3 / 6

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          -2 / -2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          6.3

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          9.9

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          29

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.8

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          12.2

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          16.9

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          13.8

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          98


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          4,103

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          91.8

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          9.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.7

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 100

          .. 101

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          97

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          8.7


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          323.6

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          97.8

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) –3.0

          7.3

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          6.0

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.8

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,387

          4,944

          Greece


          -


          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          95.5 147.0


          1/18/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a

          ..

          ..

          Greenland

          Population (thousands)

          56.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          1.3

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          26,020

          Climate



          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          –23 / –10

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.9 to 3.0

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          585

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          6 to 74

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          2 / 5

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –1 / –2



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          16.3

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          52.2

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.3

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          40.5

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          10.2

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          0.6

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          .. 1,539

          .. 813

          .. 460

          .. 4,944

          .. 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Grenada

          Population (thousands)

          104.5

          GDP ($ millions)

          627.9

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          5,550

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          23 / 31

            1. to 1.9

              1,535

              –245 to 7

              15 / 26

              –3 / –3


              Latin Upper

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              21.7

              1.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              21.7

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              35

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.2

              2.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              2.0

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              1.7

              20.8

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              11

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              3.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              206

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              97

              79

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              95

              93

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              989

              3,337

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              93.4

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              61.0

              28.1

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              6.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              10.1

              2.3

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              14

              33,064

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              73



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.7



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              126

              102

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              97

              102

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              2.4

              2.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              290.2

              285.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.2

              –0.1

              ..

              1,584

              1,009

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              442

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              21

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              784

              1,245

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              96.5

              130.6

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              11/21/2000 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Guam

              Population (thousands)

              179.9

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.5

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              ..

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.3 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              ..

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –25 to 230

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              19 / 27

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –3 / –3



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              20.4

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              26.6

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.6

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              26.4

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              99

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,333

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              ..

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              Guatemala

              Population (millions)

              14.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              41.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              2,730

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              18 / 29

              1.7 to 2.8

              2,712

              –186 to 22

              8 / 22

              –2 / –2


              Latin Lower

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.6

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.3

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              8

              35

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.3

              2.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.7

              2.0

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              11.7

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              30.6

              20.8

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              32

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              17.7

              3.8

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              184

              206

              4,874

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              81


              79


              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              94

              93

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,966

              3,337

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              80.5

              93.4

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              34.5

              28.1

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              6.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.7

              2.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              971

              33,064

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              97

              .. 80


              102


              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              94

              102

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.9


              2.8


              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              199.4

              285.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              11.9

              1,584

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –39.5

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) 8.3

              1,009 1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) 5.4

              442 687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) 0.5

              21 17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) 701

              1,245 680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 163.8

              130.6 217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              2/1/2002 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              11

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              1,023

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Guinea

              Population (millions)

              10.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              4.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              400

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              20 / 32

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.6

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,651

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –122 to 104

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              7 / 20

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2



              Country

              Sub- Saharan


              Low

              Exposure to Impacts

              data

              Africa

              income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.1

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              3.6

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              17

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.9

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.2



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.7

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              43.3

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              6.8

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              130

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              20.8

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              40,585

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              19


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              71

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,339

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              9.8

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.1

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.2

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              71

              .. 179

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.6



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              62

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              77

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              145.0

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.4

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –17.6

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              590 436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              334 209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              689 365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              308.4 303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              10/28/2002 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              1.5

              GDP ($ millions)

              878.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              590

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              21 / 33

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.8 to 2.2

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,577

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              -69 to 130

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              10 / 22

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Guinea-Bissau



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              9.5

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              18.8

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.3

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.1

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              48.8

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              16.1

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              150

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              17.4

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              34,043

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              21

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              61

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,445

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              27.9

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.6

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.0

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              19

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              1.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              176



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.6



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              31

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              65

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.2

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              186.6

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              ..

              ..

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              67

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              64.8

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              12/1/2005 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Guyana

              Population (thousands)

              754.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              2.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              3,300

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              22 / 30

        2. to 3.0

      2,387

      –158 to 72

      9 / 26

      –3 / –3


      Latin Lower

      Country America & middle

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      2.7

      1.5

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      31.3

      3.8

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      35

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.0

      2.0

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      7.2



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      0.7

      2.0

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      8.7

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      4.9

      20.8

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      30

      23

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      10.8

      3.8

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      2,194

      206

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      81

      79

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      94

      93

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      2,568

      3,337

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      93.4

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      7.4

      28.1

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      2.8

      6.9

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      8.4

      2.3

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      26

      33,064

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      114



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      3.0



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      109

      102

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      100

      102

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      2.0

      2.8

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      780.2

      285.6

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.5

      –30.9

      ..

      1,584

      1,009

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      442

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      21

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      667

      1,245

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      260.8

      130.6

      217.9

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      5/16/2002 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      1

      0

      n/a n/a

      Haiti

      Population (millions)

      10.0

      GDP ($ billions)

      6.7

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.7

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      650

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      20 / 30

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.5 to 1.8

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      1,440

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –125 to 34

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      13 / 23

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –3 /–3

      Latin Country America &


      Low

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      3.9

      1.5

      0.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      5.4

      3.8

      5.1

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      21

      35

      11

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      4.5

      2.0

      3.7

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.8



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      9.2

      2.0

      3.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      54.9

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      0.3

      20.8

      10.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      165

      23

      108

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      18.9

      3.8

      28.3

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      1,891

      206

      16,659

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      17

      79

      35

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      63

      93

      63

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      991

      3,337

      2,047

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      38.5

      93.4

      23.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      24.3

      28.1

      14.1

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      ..

      6.9

      0.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      2.2

      2.3

      3.2

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      1

      33,064

      4,471

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      174



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      2.5



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      102

      65

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      ..

      102

      91

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      0.3

      2.8

      0.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      238.9

      285.6

      270.2

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      2.4

      1.0

      4.0

      1,584

      1,009

      219

      436

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.4

      442

      209

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      21

      ..

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      263

      1,245

      365

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      247.5

      130.6

      303.9

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      1/3/2002 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      Yes

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Honduras

      Population (millions)

      7.6

      GDP ($ billions)

      15.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      2.2

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      1,880

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      19 / 28

        1. to 2.6

          1,976

          -204 to 15

          10 / 25

          -2 / -2


          Latin Lower

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          3.0

          1.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          2.2

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          14

          35

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          3.2

          2.0

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          1.3



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          1.2

          2.0

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          23.3

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          18.2

          20.8

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          24

          23

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          8.6

          3.8

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          335

          206

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          71

          79

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          86

          93

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,752

          3,337

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          70.3

          93.4

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          20.4

          28.1

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          1.9

          6.9

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          5.2

          2.3

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          321

          33,064

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.8



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          128



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.3



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          90

          102

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          107

          102

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.2

          2.8

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          326.6

          285.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          8.7

          4.6

          5.2

          1,584

          1,009

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.9

          442

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.0

          21

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          592

          1,245

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          169.2

          130.6

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          11/15/2000 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          19

          568

          n/a n/a

          Hong Kong SAR, China

          Population (millions)

          7.1

          GDP ($ billions)

          224.5

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          32,780

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          19 / 26

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.4 to 1.9

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          2,240

          –83 to 73

          7 / 10

          –1 / –1


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          24.6

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          26.2

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          100

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.1

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          41.8

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          ..


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          30.7

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 2

          .. 93

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          5.5


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          136.2

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          38.6

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          ..

          2.8

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,133

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          54.2 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a n/a n/a

          Hungary

          Population (millions)

          10.0

          GDP ($ billions)

          130.4

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          –0.2

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          12,980

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          5 / 15

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          2.0 to 3.0

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          589

          –75 to 23

          3 / 5

          –1 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          0.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          0.0

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          17

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.0

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.1


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          89.6

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          1.8

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          5.1

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          6

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          4,712

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          37.7

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          9.4

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          –32.2

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          2,645

          .. 51

          .. 95

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          99

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          5.4


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          312.1

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          54.6

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          –3.0

          7.8

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          7.0

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.6

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,542

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          153.9

          147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication



          12/10/2009 (5th)

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

          NAMA submission NAPA submission

          Renewable energy target


          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          n/a n/a 11

          1,321

          Iceland

          Population (thousands)

          317.4

          GDP ($ billions)

          12.6

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.1

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          33,990

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          –1 / 5

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          0.9 to 2.3

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          978

          –1 to 101

          3 / 6

          –1 / –1


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          4.4

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          13.1

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          1.2

          .. 0.1

          1.0

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          9.7

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          2

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          36.6

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          20.4

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          23.4

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 9

          .. 98

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          7.0


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          191.5

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          2.2

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) 0.7

          0.4

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.4

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.2

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          16,876

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 512.0 147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          3/12/2010 (5th)

          30%

          n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          India

          Population (millions) 1,170.9 GDP ($ billions) 1,729.0 Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 1.6 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 1,340

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          18 / 30

            1. to 2.6

          1,083

          –91 to 135

          5 / 13

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights



          –2 / –2


          Country South

          Lower middle

          data Asia

          income





          Exposure to Impacts




          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.4

          1.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          3.8

          4.4

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          13

          13

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.4

          2.7

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          4.4



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          47.8

          50.6

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          35.1

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          41.6

          40.3

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          5.3

          6.1

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          63

          67

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          43.5

          42.5

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          1,124

          1,127

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          31

          36

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          88

          87

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,572

          2,728

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          66.3

          62.1

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          49.3

          58.9

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          1.9

          1.7

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.4

          1.3

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          71,898

          73,548

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          132



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.6



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          95

          86

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          92

          92

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.5

          1.3

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          549.8

          504.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1,742.7

          14.3

          584.0

          1,970

          846

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          212.9

          268

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          8.4

          9

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          585

          532

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          195.4

          193.5

          217.9

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          6/22/2004 (1st)

          n/a Yes, with Goal

          n/a Yes


          727

          118,184

          n/a n/a

          Indonesia

          Population (millions)

          239.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          706.6

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.3

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          2,500

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          21 / 31

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          1.5 to 1.8

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          2,702

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –160 to 234

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          17 / 27

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –3 / –3



          East

          Lower


          Country

          Asia &

          middle


          data

          Pacific

          income

          Exposure to Impacts




          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          5.5

          2.5

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          11.2

          10.3

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          9

          ..

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          4.1

          3.3

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.2



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          5.6

          10.8

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          16.0

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          18.7

          16.8

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          14.1

          14.9

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          35

          24

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          17.5

          9.0

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          1,645

          525

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          52

          59

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          80

          88

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          4,813

          4,860

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          64.5

          90.8

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          59.1

          15.9

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.3

          2.8

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.9

          3.0

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          3,408

          14,638

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          129



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          3.2



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          109

          97

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          98

          103

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          1.7

          4.3

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          484.1

          827.1

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          406.0

          8,259

          3,744

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 164.1

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          208.9

          1,928

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          123.3

          707

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.0

          ..

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          851

          1,436

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          230.3

          259.5

          217.9

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          10/27/1999 (1st)

          n/a Yes, with Goal

          n/a Yes


          70

          3,007

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          74.0

          GDP ($ billions)

          331.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          4,520

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          10 / 24

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.2 to 3.3

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          228

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –51 to 6

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 7

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –1 / –1

          Iran, Islamic Rep.



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Middle East &

          N. Africa

          Upper middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          1.6

          1.4

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          5.0

          9.7

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          24

          20

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.5

          2.5

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          3.1



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          72.5

          121.9

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          19.0

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          3.6

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          7.1

          4.0

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          26

          34

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          6.8

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          18

          ..

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          83

          84

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          93

          87

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          2,289

          2,512

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          98.4

          92.9

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          73.3

          74.3

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.5

          3.6

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.9

          2.9

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          486

          5,854

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          144



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          101

          88

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          97

          93

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          7.4

          3.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          716.3

          604.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          538.4

          31.6

          114.6

          1,230

          287

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          26.6

          74

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.6

          7

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,951

          1,399

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          282.1

          213.9

          227.1

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          3/31/2003 (1st)

          n/a

          ..

          n/a

          ..


          7

          0

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          32.0

          GDP ($ billions)

          82.2

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.8

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          2,340

          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

          14 / 29

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

          2.3 to 3.2

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          216

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

          –38 to -2

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

          3 / 7

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          –2 / –1

          Iraq



          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data

          Middle East &

          N. Africa

          Lower middle income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          4.0

          1.4

          1.7

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          6.5

          9.7

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          23

          20

          14

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.6

          2.5

          2.8

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          187.5

          121.9

          18.7

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          4.0

          3.6

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          0.1

          4.0

          9.5

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          39

          34

          69

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          7.1

          6.8

          31.7

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          0

          ..

          4,874

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          73

          84

          45

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          79

          87

          84

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          1,222

          2,512

          2,754

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          86.0

          92.9

          67.3

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          84.3

          74.3

          29.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          2.1

          3.6

          2.6

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.7

          2.9

          2.4

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          956

          5,854

          81,789

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          164



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          64

          88

          88

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          81

          93

          93

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          3.4

          3.8

          1.6

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          1,057.0

          604.6

          523.9

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          102.9

          .. 15.9

          1,230

          287

          3,744

          1,705

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          3.4

          74

          687

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          0.1

          7

          17

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,035

          1,399

          680

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 317.1

          213.9

          217.9

          National-Level Actions



          Latest UNFCCC national communication


          ..

          Annex-I emissions reduction target


          n/a

          NAMA submission


          ..

          NAPA submission


          n/a

          Renewable energy target


          ..

          Carbon Markets



          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


          ..

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


          ..

          Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


          n/a

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          n/a

          Ireland

          Population (millions)

          4.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          203.9

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          1.2

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          40,720

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          6 / 13

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          0.9 to 1.4

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          1,118

          –13 to 78

          3 / 6

          –1 / –1


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          4.0

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          6.6

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          25

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.6

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          1.0

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          99


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          6,798

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          15.7

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          13.3

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 10

          .. 97

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          103

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          9.9


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          252.9

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          43.6

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          e) -2.2

          15.3

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          7.5

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.2

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          3,333

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          94.7 147.0


          3/3/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          n/a

          ..

          ..

          Population (thousands)

          82.9

          GDP ($ billions)

          4.1

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.8

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          48,910

          Climate



          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          ..

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.3 to 1.8

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          ..

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          –13 to 56

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          3 / 5

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –1 / –1



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          12.1

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          27.8

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          ..

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.7

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          ..


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          ..

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          ..

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          ..

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          ..

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          ..

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          ..

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          ..

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          ..


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          ..


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          ..

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          ..

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          ..

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          ..

          13,285

          Isle of Man


          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          ..

          .. 1,539

          .. 813

          .. 460

          .. 4,944

          .. 147.0


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          ..


          n/a n/a n/a n/a

          Israel

          Population (millions)

          7.6

          GDP ($ billions)

          217.3

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          2.5

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          27,170

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



          13 / 25

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.9 to 2.7

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          435

          –41 to -11

          4 / 8

          –2 / –2


          Exposure to Impacts


          Country data


          High income

          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          7.8

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          8.3

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          57

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          2.5

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          241.9

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          28.4

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          18.7

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          5

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience

          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


          100


          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          3,182

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          99.7

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          9.8

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          2.4

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          ..

          .. 34

          .. 102

          ..


          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use

          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


          5.2


          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          200.2

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          37.7

          13,285

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2007, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          -0.4

          3.5

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          1.8

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          2.0

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,873

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          110.4

          147.0

          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication



          12/7/2010 (2nd)

          Annex-I emissions reduction target

          NAMA submission NAPA submission

          Renewable energy target


          n/a

          Yes, with Goal

          n/a Yes

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


          22

          1,160

          n/a n/a

          Population (millions)

          60.5

          GDP ($ billions)

          2,051.4

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.3

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          35,150

          Italy


          Climate


          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


          10 / 17

          Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


          1.8 to 2.6

          Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


          832

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


          –108 to –11

          Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


          4 / 7

          Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


          –2 / –2



          Country


          High


          data

          income

          Exposure to Impacts



          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          5.2

          2.2

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          7.5

          7.7

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          17

          ..

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          0.4

          1.0

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.0


          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          24.8

          10.4

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          18.8

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          ..

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          9.9

          13.4

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          4

          6

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          ..

          ..

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          ..

          ..

          Resilience



          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          ..

          100

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          100

          100

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          5,035

          5,445

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          ..

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          100.0

          87.3

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          6.5

          10.7

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          0.5

          1.8

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          ..

          ..

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          3.5


          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          87


          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..


          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          104

          97

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          99

          100

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use



          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          7.4

          11.9

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          264.1

          354.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          445.1

          –94.7

          40.8

          13,285

          1,539

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          28.6

          813

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          14.0

          460

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          2,814

          4,944

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 105.2 147.0


          National-Level Actions

          Latest UNFCCC national communication

          Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          3/17/2010 (5th)

          20% / 30% (EU)

          n/a n/a Yes


          n/a n/a

          ..

          ..

          Jamaica

          Population (millions)

          2.7

          GDP ($ billions)

          14.0

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.6

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          4,770

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          21 / 29

            1. to 1.8

              2,051

              –102 to 28

              14 / 24

              –3 / –3


              Latin Upper

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              7.1

              1.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              5.8

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              35

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.0

              2.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              6.2

              2.0

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              18.9

              20.8

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              24

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              2.2

              3.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              206

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              83

              79

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              94

              93

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,262

              3,337

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              92.0

              93.4

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              73.3

              28.1

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              2.5

              6.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.6

              2.3

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              170

              33,064

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              88



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              89

              102

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              102

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              4.5

              2.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              618.4

              285.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              12.2

              –0.2

              1.3

              1,584

              1,009

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              442

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              21

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,208

              1,245

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              169.3

              130.6

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              11/21/2000 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              1

              211

              n/a n/a

              Japan

              Population (millions)

              127.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              5,497.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              42,130

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              7 / 15

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.8 to 2.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              1,668

              –47 to 80

              3 / 6

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              5.9

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              16.2

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              49

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.4

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              20.6

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              35.2

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              16.3

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              3

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              5,920

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              79.6

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.2

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              –0.0

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.5


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              20

              .. 102


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              9.5


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              302.2

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1,208.2

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              e) -71.5

              42.8

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              29.8

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              53.8

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              3,883

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 125.7 147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              12/21/2009 (5th)

              25%

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Population (millions)

              6.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              27.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              4,390

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              11 / 25

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 2.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              111

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –28 to -3

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 7

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –2

              Jordan



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Middle East &

              N. Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              2.0

              1.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              4.2

              9.7

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              18

              20

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.6

              2.5

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.4



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              136.5

              121.9

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              9.2

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.6

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              9.4

              4.0

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              22

              34

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              1.9

              6.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              98

              84

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              96

              87

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,044

              2,512

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.9

              92.9

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              74.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.5

              3.6

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              6.2

              2.9

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              301

              5,854

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              96



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              99

              88

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              93

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.7

              3.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              723.4

              604.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              21.4

              0.7

              1.8

              1,230

              287

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.7

              74

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              7

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,260

              1,399

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              246.3

              213.9

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              11/8/2009 (2nd)

              n/a Yes n/a Yes


              2

              986

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              16.3

              GDP ($ billions)

              143.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              7,440

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              1 / 12

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.2 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              250

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –1 to 37

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              2 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –1

              Kazakhstan



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              6.7

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              3.9

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              8

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.2

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.2



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              42.1

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.5

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              33

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4.9

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              97

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              95

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,254

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              89.9

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.8

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              7.0

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              596

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              47



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              108

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              15.1

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              1,444.1

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              237.0

              .. 47.1

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              17.6

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              4,134

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              396.5

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1992) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              6/4/2009 (2nd)

              15%

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              40.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              31.4

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              790

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.9 to 2.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              692

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              0 to 144

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              8 / 25

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Kenya



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.2

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              1.4

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              9

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.7

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              6.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              13.2

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              19.7

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              11.6

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              85

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              16.4

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              30,307

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              31

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              59

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,204

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              16.1

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              14.1

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.1

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.4

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              492

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              109



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.3



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              90

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              95

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.3

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              187.6

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.4

              –28.0

              22.1

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.5

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              474

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              329.4

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              10/22/2002 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              5

              0

              n/a n/a

              Kiribati

              Population (thousands)

              99.5

              GDP ($ millions)

              151.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.6

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              2,010

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              25 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1.6 to 2.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,942

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) 8

              1 to 385

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              14 / 24

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              -2 / -2



              East

              Lower


              Country

              Asia &

              middle


              data

              Pacific

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              96.7

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              95.2

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.8

              3.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              5.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              22.0

              14.9

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              49

              24

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              31

              59

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              61

              88

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              2.8

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.4

              3.0

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              14,638

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              115



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.1



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              118

              97

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              107

              103

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.3

              4.3

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              134.6

              827.1

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.0

              8,259

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              1,928

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              707

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              116

              1,436

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              49.9

              259.5

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              10/30/1999 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Korea, Dem. Rep.

              Population (millions)

              24.3

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              0 / 11

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 2.1 to 2.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,062

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) –

              9 to 129

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –2



              East



              Country

              Asia &

              Low


              data

              Pacific

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              2.4

              2.5

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              5.3

              10.3

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              12

              ..

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.4

              3.3

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              10.3

              10.8

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.0

              14.9

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              33

              24

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              20.6

              9.0

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              284

              525

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              59

              59

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              88

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,513

              4,860

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              26.0

              90.8

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              2.8

              15.9

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              7.4

              2.8

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              3.0

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              47

              14,638

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              97

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              103

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.2

              4.3

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              78.4

              8,259

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –14.6

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              18.2

              1,928

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.4

              707

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.8

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              795

              1,436

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              259.5

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              5/7/2004 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Korea, Rep.

              Population (millions)

              48.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              1,014.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              19,890

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              7 / 17

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.8 to 2.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              1,404

              0 to 181

              3 / 5

              –1 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              4.3

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              5.0

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              48

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.2

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              39.3

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              51.6

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.4

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              5

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              8

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              98

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              7,238

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              78.5

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              7.3

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              –0.0

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 8

              .. 101

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              97

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              10.5


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              410.5

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              509.2

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2001, MtCO2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              e) –34.6

              32.1

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              13.5

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.2

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              5,044

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 186.6 147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              12/1/2003 (2nd)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              n/a Yes


              64

              77,317

              n/a n/a

              Kosovo

              Population (millions)

              1.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              5.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              3,300

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              ..

              2.0 to 3.1

              .. –148 to -34

              3 / 6

              –1 / –1



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              ..

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              ..

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              0.3

              6.5

              2.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              7.5

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              4,874

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              ..


              89


              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              95

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              2,475

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              85.8

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              9.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              7.4

              2.8

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              5

              .. 117

              22,652

              81,789

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.2



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              95

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              97

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              ..


              7.7


              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              708.0

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              3,110

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 937

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 214

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 76

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 2,833

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 276.8

              217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              n/a

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              n/a

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              n/a

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              n/a

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Kuwait

              Population (millions)

              2.7

              GDP ($ billions)

              109.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              47,790

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              19 / 32

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              2.2 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              121

              –19 to 4

              4 / 7

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              8.9

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              22.8

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              84

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.4

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              1.6

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              11

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              1.7

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,084

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              100.0

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              85.0

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.3

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.0

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 67

              .. 93

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              30.1


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              602.0

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              76.7

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              14.4

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.9

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              11,402

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              217.6 147.0


              ..

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              5.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              4.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              880

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              -5 / 8

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.3 to 3.2

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              381

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –32 to 35

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 7

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –1

              Kyrgyz Republic



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.5

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              3.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.8

              0.3

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              20.6

              6.5

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              9.4

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              6.9

              7.5

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              38

              23

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              2.7

              ..

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              0

              ..

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              93

              89

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              90

              95

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,034

              2,475

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              91.1

              85.8

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              8.0

              9.9

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              5.1

              2.8

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              14

              22,652

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              70



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.0



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              94

              95

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              97

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.2

              7.7

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              575.9

              708.0

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              6.2

              –0.7

              3.6

              3,110

              937

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.5

              214

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              76

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              566

              2,833

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              271.4

              276.8

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              6/4/2009 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Lao PDR

              Population (millions)

              6.2

              GDP ($ billions)

              7.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,040

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              18 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.6 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,834

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –95 to 70

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 13

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –1



              Country

              East Asia &

              Lower middle

              Exposure to Impacts

              data

              Pacific

              income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              5.8

              3.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.6

              10.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              33.9

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              16.3

              14.9

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              54

              24

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              31.6

              9.0

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              327

              525

              4,874

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              53


              59


              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              57

              88

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,808

              4,860

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              55.0

              90.8

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              13.5

              15.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.2

              2.8

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              4.7

              3.0

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              3,860

              14,638

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              165



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.1



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              75

              97

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              87

              103

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.3


              4.3


              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              125.3

              827.1

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.5

              8,259

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –104.3

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              11/2/2000 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              1

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              2

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              2.2

              GDP ($ billions)

              24.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              11,620

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              2 / 9

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              641

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              31 to 89

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              2 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Latvia



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              3.0

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              23.9

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              –1.0

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.4

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              17.8

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              10

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              78

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,075

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              7.8

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.4

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              122

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              21



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              93

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.3

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              213.9

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              7.6

              –20.5

              3.1

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.3

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.9

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,871

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              144.9

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              3/16/2010 (5th)

              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a n/a 0

              0

              Population (millions)

              4.2

              GDP ($ billions)

              39.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              9,080

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              11 / 22

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              661

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –75 to -27

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 7

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Lebanon



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Middle East &

              N. Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.7

              1.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              9.1

              9.7

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              46

              20

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              2.5

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              26.3

              121.9

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              19.9

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              3.6

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.5

              4.0

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              22

              34

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4.2

              6.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              98

              84

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              87

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,832

              2,512

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.9

              92.9

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              74.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              5.8

              3.6

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              12.7

              2.9

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              3

              5,854

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              104



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              85

              88

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              104

              93

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              4.1

              3.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              372.5

              604.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              17.1

              -0.1

              1.0

              1,230

              287

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.7

              74

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              7

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,580

              1,399

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              133.2

              213.9

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              3/31/2011 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              2.2

              GDP ($ billions)

              2.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,040

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              5 / 19

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              789

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –66 to 89

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 10

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Lesotho



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.7

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              3.4



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.0

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              43.4

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.5

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              85

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              16.6

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              29

              31

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              85

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              421

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              16.0

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              18.3

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.7

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              5.5

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              11

              11,957

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              143



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.5



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              69

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              107

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              ..

              0.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              .. 1.3

              ..

              685

              590

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              334

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              9

              689

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              7.0

              308.4

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              4/17/2000 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              4.0

              GDP ($ millions)

              986.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              200

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              20 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.7 to 2.2

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,391

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –115 to 81

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              10 / 25

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Liberia



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.4

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              3.3

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              30

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.7

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.9



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.1

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              83.7

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              18.1

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              103

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              20.4

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              29,994

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              17


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              68

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,610

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              6.2

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              25.1

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              135

              .. 151

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.8



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              58

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              72

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.2


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              447.7

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.6

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              ..

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              1

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              0

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              6.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              62.4

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              12,320

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              14 / 29

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              57

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –18 to 5

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 8

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Libya



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Middle East &

              N. Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.8

              1.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              4.7

              9.7

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              17

              20

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              2.5

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              718.0

              121.9

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              3.6

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.1

              4.0

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              17

              34

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              5.6

              6.8

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              97

              84

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              54

              87

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              569

              2,512

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.8

              92.9

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              57.2

              74.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              8.7

              3.6

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.7

              2.9

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              5,854

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              88

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              105

              93

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              9.5

              3.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              619.1

              604.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              58.3

              .. 14.7

              1,230

              287

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.3

              74

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              7

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              3,258

              1,399

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 212.1

              213.9

              227.1

              National-Level Actions



              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              ..

              Annex-I emissions reduction target


              n/a

              NAMA submission


              ..

              NAPA submission


              n/a

              Renewable energy target


              Yes

              Carbon Markets



              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              0

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)


              0

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects


              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              n/a

              Population (thousands)

              36.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              4.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              137,070

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              2 / 9

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.7 to 2.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              1,539

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –66 to 32

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              3 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –1 / –1



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.2

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              42.4

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              2

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              107

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              93

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              ..

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              13,285

              Liechtenstein


              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              0.0

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              1/25/2010 (5th)

              20% / 30%

              n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              ..

              ..

              Population (millions)

              3.3

              GDP ($ billions)

              36.3

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.5

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              11,390

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              2 / 10

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 3.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              656

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              22 to 83

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              2 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Lithuania



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.9

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              4.0

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              -0.6

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              17.7

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.5

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              7

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,450

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              28.6

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              11.0

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.7

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              104

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              27



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              96

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              4.5

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              255.8

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              15.1

              –3.7

              5.5

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.5

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.7

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              2,512

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              166.3

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              2/22/2010 (5th)

              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a n/a 12

              2,408

              Luxembourg

              Population (thousands) 505.8 GDP ($ billions) 55.1

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              4 / 13

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.5 to 2.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              934

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –86 to 26

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              3 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –1 / –1



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.5

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              19.8

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              3

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              6,202

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              2.9

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              279.2

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              50


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              84

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              21.5

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              291.0

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.5

              –0.3

              1.1

              13,285

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.5

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              8,313

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 116.8 147.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 1.4 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 79,630


              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              2/14/2010 (5th)

              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Macao SAR, China

              Population (thousands)

              543.7

              GDP ($ billions)

              21.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              40,030

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              20 / 26

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.4 to 1.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              2,219

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –83 to 73

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              7 / 10

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –1 / –1



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              35.4

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              79.9

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              8.3

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              99

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              95

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              2.6

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              46.0

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.3

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              Macedonia, FYR

              Population (millions)

              2.1

              GDP ($ billions)

              9.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              4,520

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              5 / 15

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.9 to 3.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              619

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –150 to -43

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 6

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –1



              Europe &

              Upper


              Country

              Central

              middle


              data

              Asia

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.2

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              28.8

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              7.3

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.8

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              12

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              1.8

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              89

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,373

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              56.5

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.9

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.2

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              86

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              22



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              92

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              5.8

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              655.2

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              11.8

              3,110

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2002, MtCO2e) –2.6

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.4

              937

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,352

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              155.6

              276.8

              227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              1/15/2009 (2nd)

              n/a Yes n/a

              ..


              1

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              20.7

              GDP ($ billions)

              8.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              430

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              18 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.7 to 2.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,513

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –104 to 56

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              8 / 16

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Madagascar



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.3

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              2.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              9

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.3

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.9



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              4.4

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              2.2

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              67.8

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.9

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              62

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              36.8

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              3,735

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              11


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              41

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,582

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              19.0

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              11.6

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.2

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              9.9

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              132

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              137



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.0



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              79

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              97

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              102.9

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.9

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) –233.3

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              590 436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              334 209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              689 365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              308.4 303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              12/7/2010 (2nd)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              Yes

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              Yes

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              1

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              0

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              14.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              5.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              330

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              17 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,181

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              -53 to 91

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 16

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Malawi



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              5.0

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              8.8



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              6.0

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.5

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              73.9

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              15.0

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              92

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              15.5

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              33,773

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              56


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              80

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,163

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              9.0

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              45.0

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.7

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              116

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              1.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              145



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              59

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              120.1

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              1.2

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              17.5

              .. 590 436

              .. 334 209

              .. .. ..

              .. 689 365

              .. 308.4 303.9


              12/2/2003 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes Yes


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Malaysia

              Population (millions)

              28.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              237.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              7,760

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              21 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.6 to 1.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,875

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –160 to 117

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              13 / 26

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3



              East

              Upper


              Country

              Asia &

              middle


              data

              Pacific

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              3.0

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              9.5

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              9

              ..

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.1

              3.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.1

              10.8

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              17.9

              14.9

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              6

              24

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              75

              525

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              96

              59

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              88

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,750

              4,860

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.4

              90.8

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              82.8

              15.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.7

              2.8

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.8

              3.0

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              1,201

              14,638

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              18



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              97

              97

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              103

              103

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              7.6

              4.3

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              585.7

              827.1

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              208.3

              8,259

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) –220.2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              46.5

              1,928

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              15.1

              707

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.0

              ..

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              2,391

              1,436

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              191.2

              259.5

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              4/14/2011 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              101

              1,475

              n/a n/a

              Maldives

              Population (thousands)

              315.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              1.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              4,240

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              Country South

              Upper middle

              data Asia

              income





              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              100.0

              1.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              100.0

              4.4

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              13

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.1

              2.7

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              50.6

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              40.3

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              6.1

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              15

              67

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              25.7

              42.5

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              1,127

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              98

              36

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              91

              87

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,042

              2,728

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              62.1

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              58.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.0

              1.7

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              11.1

              1.3

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              490

              73,548

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.3



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              79



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.5



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              119

              86

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              98

              92

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.0

              1.3

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              580.8

              504.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.9

              ..

              ..

              1,970

              846

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              268

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              9

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              985

              532

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              200.3

              193.5

              227.1

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              25 / 31

              1.5 to 1.8

              1,972

              –2 to 319

              22 / 27

              –3 / –3


              11/5/2001 (1st)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              Yes

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              15.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              9.3

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              600

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              21 / 36

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.5 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              282

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –142 to 43

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 13

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Mali



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              11

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.6

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              10.9

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              51.4

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.4

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              178

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              27.9

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              25,366

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              36


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              56

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,588

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              19.0

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.6

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              254

              .. 146

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              64

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              80

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.0


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              44.2

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.6

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) –9.7

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              590 436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              334 209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              689 365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              308.4 303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              11/13/2000 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              Yes

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              1

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              0

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Malta

              Population (thousands)

              413.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              8.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              18,430

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              15 / 23

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.7 to 2.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              383

              –67 to –28

              5 / 7

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              19.4

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              21.8

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.9

              .. 53.5

              1.0

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              22.2

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              17.2

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              6

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              4,431

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              87.5

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              9.7

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              9.4

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              .. 100

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              6.2


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              274.3

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              2.6

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              e) -0.1

              0.2

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.1

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,935

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              87.5 147.0


              7/27/2010 (2nd)

              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes


              n/a

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              ..

              ..

              Marshall Islands

              Population (thousands)

              54.0

              GDP ($ millions)

              155.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              3,450

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              25 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1.

              4 to 1.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,705

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              8 to 240

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              21 / 27

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3



              East

              Lower


              Country

              Asia &

              middle


              data

              Pacific

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              99.0

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              99.4

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.2

              3.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              3.1

              14.9

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              26

              24

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              73

              59

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              94

              88

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.1

              2.8

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              5.6

              3.0

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              14,638

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              1.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              106



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              94

              97

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              103

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.9

              4.3

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.1

              8,259

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              1,928

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              707

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              610

              1,436

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              259.5

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              11/24/2000 (1st)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              3.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              3.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.8

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,030

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              20 / 35

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.4 to 3.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              92

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –113 to 9

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 11

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Mauritania



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.0

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              20.4

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.0

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              3.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              399.8

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              21.2

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              0.5

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              111

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              16.7

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              17,325

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              26


              31


              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              49

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              876

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              26.8

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.8

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.4

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              133

              .. 159

              11,957

              81,789

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.0



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              64

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              103

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.6


              0.8


              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              343.6

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              2.0

              685

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) -1.3

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              590 1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              334 687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              689 680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              308.4 217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              12/6/2008 (2nd)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              Yes

              NAPA submission

              Yes

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              1.3

              GDP ($ billions)

              9.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              7,750

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 26

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.3 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,041

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –165 to 67

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              8 / 14

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Mauritius



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              7.1

              0.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              5.6

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.8

              4.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              26.4

              3.2

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              21.4

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.5

              11.7

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              15

              121

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              24.6

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              26,113

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              91

              31

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              99

              60

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              8,307

              1,297

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              99.4

              32.5

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              98.0

              18.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              4.8

              1.2

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              4.4

              3.6

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              26

              11,957

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              23



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              89

              67

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              89

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.1

              0.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              269.6

              428.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.0

              –0.2

              ..

              685

              590

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              334

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              ..

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              947

              689

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              85.9

              308.4

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              5/28/1999 (1st)

              n/a Yes n/a Yes


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Mayotte

              Population (thousands)

              204.1

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              4.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              ..

                1. to 1.8

                  .. –24 to 112

                  13 / 20

                  –3 / –3



                  Exposure to Impacts


                  Country data

                  Sub- Saharan Africa

                  Upper middle income

                  Land area below 5m (% of land area)

                  21.6

                  0.4

                  1.8

                  Population below 5m (% of total)

                  21.6

                  2.0

                  6.5

                  Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

                  ..

                  14

                  22

                  Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

                  Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  4.0

                  3.2

                  2.3

                  5.6

                  Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

                  ..

                  50.9

                  ..

                  Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

                  2.2

                  11.7

                  13.6

                  Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

                  ..

                  121

                  20

                  Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

                  ..

                  24.6

                  4.1

                  Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

                  ..

                  26,113

                  80

                  Resilience

                  Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


                  ..


                  31


                  68

                  Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

                  ..

                  60

                  92

                  Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

                  ..

                  1,297

                  3,690

                  Access to electricity (% of total population)

                  ..

                  32.5

                  98.0

                  Paved roads (% of total roads)

                  ..

                  18.3

                  50.5

                  Health workers (per 1,000 people)

                  ..

                  1.2

                  4.5

                  Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

                  ..

                  3.6

                  2.7

                  Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

                  Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  ..

                  11,957


                  67

                  26,166


                  98

                  Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

                  ..

                  89

                  103

                  GHG Emissions and Energy Use

                  CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


                  ..


                  0.8


                  5.3

                  CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

                  ..

                  428.6

                  659.4

                  CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

                  ..

                  685

                  12,860

                  GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

                  Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590

                  3,455

                  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334

                  1,144

                  Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. ..

                  243

                  Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689

                  1,848

                  Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4

                  227.1

                  National-Level Actions

                  Latest UNFCCC national communication


                  n/a

                  Annex-I emissions reduction target

                  n/a

                  NAMA submission

                  n/a

                  NAPA submission

                  n/a

                  Renewable energy target

                  ..

                  Carbon Markets

                  Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


                  n/a

                  Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

                  n/a

                  Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

                  n/a

                  Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

                  n/a

                  Mexico

                  Population (millions)

                  113.4

                  GDP ($ billions)

                  1,039.7

                  Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

                  1.5

                  GNI per capita (Atlas $)

                  8,930

                  Climate

                  Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

                  Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

                  14 / 29

        2. to 2.8

          752

          –178 to 10

          6 / 12

          –2 / –2


          Latin Upper

          Country America & middle

          data the Carib. income

          Exposure to Impacts


          Land area below 5m (% of land area)

          2.9

          1.5

          1.8

          Population below 5m (% of total)

          2.7

          3.8

          6.5

          Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

          35

          35

          22

          Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

          1.9

          2.0

          2.3

          Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

          0.1



          Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

          19.3

          2.0

          5.6

          Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

          5.5

          ..

          ..

          Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

          <2

          8.1

          ..

          Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

          11.1

          20.8

          13.6

          Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

          17

          23

          20

          Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

          3.4

          3.8

          4.1

          Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

          3

          206

          80

          Resilience




          Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

          85

          79

          68

          Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

          94

          93

          92

          Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

          3,434

          3,337

          3,690

          Access to electricity (% of total population)

          ..

          93.4

          98.0

          Paved roads (% of total roads)

          35.3

          28.1

          50.5

          Health workers (per 1,000 people)

          6.9

          6.9

          4.5

          Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

          1.8

          2.3

          2.7

          Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

          6,360

          33,064

          26,166

          Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

          4.3



          Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

          53



          Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

          ..



          Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

          104

          102

          98

          Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

          102

          102

          103

          GHG Emissions and Energy Use




          CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

          4.3

          2.8

          5.3

          CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          332.6

          285.6

          659.4

          CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

          GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2006, MtCO2e)

          Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          475.8

          70.2

          128.2

          1,584

          1,009

          12,860

          3,455

          Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          42.5

          442

          1,144

          Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

          4.6

          21

          243

          Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

          1,497

          1,245

          1,848

          Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

          119.8

          130.6

          227.1

          National-Level Actions




          Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

          NAPA submission Renewable energy target

          Carbon Markets

          Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

          Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

          Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

          4/20/2010 (4th)

          n/a Yes, with Goal

          n/a

          ..


          132

          10,122

          n/a n/a

          Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

          Population (thousands)

          111.1

          GDP ($ millions)

          287.4

          Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

          0.7

          GNI per capita (Atlas $)

          2,700

          Climate

          Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

          Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

          ..

            1. to 1.7

              .. –85 to 411

              26 / 27

              –3 / –3



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              33.4

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              54.9

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              0.1

              3.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              31.2

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              4.0

              14.9

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              42

              24

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              4,874

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              27


              59


              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              94

              88

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,450

              4,860

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              17.5

              15.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              2.8

              2.8

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.5

              3.0

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 140

              ..

              ..

              14,638


              97

              81,789


              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              103

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.6


              4.3


              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              196.8

              827.1

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.1

              8,259

              3,744

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              10/30/1999 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (millions)

              3.6

              GDP ($ billions)

              5.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              –0.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,810

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              5 / 14

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 3.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              553

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –72 to 11

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 5

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –1 / –2

              Moldova



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.3

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.9

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              –0.8

              0.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.3



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              191.5

              6.5

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              9.2

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              1.4

              7.5

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              19

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              3.2

              ..

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              79

              89

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              90

              95

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,340

              2,475

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              85.8

              85.8

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              9.3

              9.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.3

              2.8

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              35

              22,652

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              81



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              93

              95

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              101

              97

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.3

              7.7

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              483.1

              708.0

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.8

              –1.4

              3.4

              3,110

              937

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.8

              214

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              76

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              687

              2,833

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              263.6

              276.8

              217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              1/27/2010 (2nd)

              n/a Yes, with Goal

              n/a Yes


              4

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              35.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              6.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              183,150

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              10 / 17

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.8 to 2.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              894

              –114 to 1

              4 / 7

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              100.0

              2.2

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              100.0

              7.7

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              ..

              ..

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              0.7

              ..

              ..

              1.0

              10.4

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              ..

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              23.7

              13.4

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4

              6

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              100.0

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              .. 132

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              98

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              ..


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) 0.0

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              147.0

              Monaco


              .. ..


              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              3/25/2011 (5th)

              30%

              n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Mongolia

              Population (millions)

              2.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              6.1

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,850

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              2.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.2

              3.3

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              2.6



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              1.4

              10.8

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              22.4

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              13.4

              14.9

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              32

              24

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              5.3

              9.0

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              50

              59

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              76

              88

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,552

              4,860

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              67.0

              90.8

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              3.5

              15.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.3

              2.8

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              23.9

              3.0

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              2

              14,638

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              86



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              93

              97

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              103

              103

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              4.1

              4.3

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              1,146.7

              827.1

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2006, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              10.9

              –2.1

              6.1

              8,259

              1,928

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.5

              707

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,194

              1,436

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              345.1

              259.5

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              –8 / 6

              2.3 to 3.1

              241

              1 to 50

              2 / 4

              –1 / –1


              12/10/2010 (2nd)

              n/a Yes n/a Yes


              3

              15

              n/a n/a

              Montenegro

              Population (thousands) 631.5 GDP ($ billions) 4.0

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 0.2 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 6,620

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Europe & Central Asia

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              ..

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              ..

              3.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              18

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              0.3

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              6.5

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              <2

              3.7

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              13.3

              7.5

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              8

              23

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              2.2

              ..

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              92

              89

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              98

              95

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,464

              2,475

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              85.8

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              7.5

              9.9

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              19.0

              2.8

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              6

              22,652

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              56



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              95

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              97

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              3.1

              7.7

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              293.7

              708.0

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.0

              –0.9

              ..

              3,110

              937

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              214

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              76

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              1,384

              2,833

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              139.9

              276.8

              227.1

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              1.9 to 2.9

              .. –138 to –27

              3 / 6

              –2 / –1


              10/12/2010 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              32.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              91.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              2,900

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              11 / 23

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.1 to 3.0

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              346

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –62 to –5

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 8

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Morocco



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Middle East &

              N. Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.7

              1.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              3.8

              9.7

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              19

              20

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              2.5

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              43.4

              121.9

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              4.6

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              2.5

              3.6

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              1.5

              4.0

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              36

              34

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              9.9

              6.8

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              69

              84

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              81

              87

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,911

              2,512

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              97.0

              92.9

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              67.8

              74.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.5

              3.6

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.4

              2.9

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              1,124

              5,854

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              94



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              80

              88

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              88

              93

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.5

              3.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              379.0

              604.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              47.9

              3.6

              10.6

              1,230

              287

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              5.8

              74

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              7

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              477

              1,399

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              113.7

              213.9

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              11/3/2010 (2nd)

              n/a Yes n/a Yes


              6

              330

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              23.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              9.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              440

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 29

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.9 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,031

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –69 to 61

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 15

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –3

              Mozambique



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.8

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              6.5

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              7

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              5.7

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              3.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.7

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              59.6

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              15.8

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              135

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              21.2

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              32,555

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              17

              31

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              47

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              877

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              11.7

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              20.8

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.3

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              8.2

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              80

              11,957

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              139



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.4



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              61

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              89

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.1

              0.8

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              133.6

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.3

              7.7

              12.8

              685

              590

              219

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              9.5

              334

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.3

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              427

              689

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              529.7

              308.4

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              6/2/2006 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Myanmar

              Population (millions)

              48.0

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              18 / 8

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1.7 to 2.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,091

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) –

              84 to 97

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              4 / 14

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2



              East



              Country

              Asia &

              Low


              data

              Pacific

              income

              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              4.6

              2.5

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              14.0

              10.3

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              11

              ..

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.5

              3.3

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              3.3

              10.8

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              24.8

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              6.3

              14.9

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              66

              24

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              29.6

              9.0

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              7,943

              525

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              81

              59

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              71

              88

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,949

              4,860

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              13.0

              90.8

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              11.9

              15.9

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.3

              2.8

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              3.0

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              556

              14,638

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              99

              97

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              103

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.3

              4.3

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              12.8

              8,259

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              77.2

              1,928

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              30.9

              707

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              316

              1,436

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              259.5

              303.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication



              ..

              Annex-I emissions reduction target



              n/a

              NAMA submission



              ..

              NAPA submission



              ..

              Renewable energy target



              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              2.3

              GDP ($ billions)

              12.2

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              4,500

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              13 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.2 to 2.9

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              285

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              -67 to 23

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              6 / 13

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Namibia



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.3

              0.4

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              2.9

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              14

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.0

              4.0

              2.3

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              3.4



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              4.9

              3.2

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              49.1

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              14.5

              11.7

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              40

              121

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              17.5

              24.6

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              4,589

              26,113

              80

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              33

              31

              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              92

              60

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              365

              1,297

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              34.0

              32.5

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              12.8

              18.3

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              3.2

              1.2

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              7.0

              3.6

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              9

              11,957

              26,166

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              78



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              87

              67

              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              104

              89

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.8

              0.8

              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              311.4

              428.6

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.0

              -5.7

              5.1

              685

              590

              12,860

              3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.8

              334

              1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              ..

              243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              764

              689

              1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              135.4

              308.4

              227.1

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              10/7/2002 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              ..

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              10.3

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.6

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              25 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.3 to 2.1

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,445

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) –60 to 565

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              18 / 26

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Nauru



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              40.4

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              40.4

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              3.3

              10.8

              2.3

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              ..

              14.9

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              40

              24

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              80

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              50


              59


              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              90

              88

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              5.6

              2.8

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              3.0

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              .. 97

              14,638


              97

              26,166


              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              112

              103

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              13.9


              4.3


              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.1

              8,259

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.0

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              10/30/1999 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Nepal

              Population (millions)

              30.0

              GDP ($ billions)

              15.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              480

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              2 / 15

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.2 to 3.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,321

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –116 to 231

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              3 / 8

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2


              Country South


              Low

              data Asia

              income





              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              1.5

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              4.4

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              13

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              5.8

              2.7

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.7



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              5.1

              50.6

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              27.7

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              55.1

              40.3

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              17.0

              6.1

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              50

              67

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              38.8

              42.5

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              103

              1,127

              16,659

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              31

              36

              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              88

              87

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,374

              2,728

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              43.6

              62.1

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              55.9

              58.9

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.7

              1.7

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              0.6

              1.3

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              34

              73,548

              4,471

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              2.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              107



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.8



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              70

              86

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              82

              92

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.1

              1.3

              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              120.0

              504.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              3.5

              1,970

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 8.1

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              22.1

              846

              436

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.5

              268

              209

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              9

              ..

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              338

              532

              365

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              323.2

              193.5

              303.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              9/1/2004 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes

              ..


              4

              92

              n/a n/a

              Netherlands

              Population (millions)

              16.6

              GDP ($ billions)

              783.4

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.5

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              49,750

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              6 / 13

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.4 to 2.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              778

              –18 to 50

              3 / 5

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              58.5

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              61.3

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              12

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.5

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              105.1

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              10.6

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              12.4

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              4

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              9,032

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              90.0

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.2

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              –2.3

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 31

              .. 100

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              10.6


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              277.0

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              173.7

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              2.5

              21.3

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              14.6

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.8

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              5,016

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              135.9

              147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication



              12/19/2009 (5th)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

              NAMA submission NAPA submission

              Renewable energy target


              20% / 30% (EU)

              n/a n/a Yes

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Population (thousands)

              254.0

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.1

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              New Caledonia


              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              19 / 25

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.4 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              1,498

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              –122 to 118

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              7 / 12

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –3 / –3



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              8.0

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              34.3

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.5

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              5.5

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              ..

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,391

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              12.8

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              3.1

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              New Zealand

              Population (millions)

              4.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              126.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              29,050

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              6 / 15

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.1 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              1,732

              –44 to 53

              4 / 8

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              2.7

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              12.6

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              32

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.3

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.6

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              3.2

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              25.8

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              6

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              ..


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              6,924

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              65.9

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              13.3

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              –1.0

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              3

              ..

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              7.8


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              304.1

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              33.1

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              –26.7

              27.6

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              12.9

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              1.0

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              4,193

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              162.9

              147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication



              12/23/2009 (5th)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

              NAMA submission NAPA submission

              Renewable energy target


              10% / 20%

              n/a n/a Yes

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              n/a n/a 7

              1,898

              Nicaragua

              Population (millions)

              5.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              6.6

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,090

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              20 / 30

                1. to 2.4

              2,391

              –220 to 19

              10 / 26

              –3 / –3


              Latin Lower

              Country America & middle

              data the Carib. income

              Exposure to Impacts


              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              3.6

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              1.5

              3.8

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              23

              35

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              2.2

              2.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.8



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.7

              2.0

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              15.8

              8.1

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              36.7

              20.8

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              27

              23

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              4.3

              3.8

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              26

              206

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              52

              79

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              85

              93

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,077

              3,337

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              72.1

              93.4

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              12.0

              28.1

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.4

              6.9

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              7.8

              2.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              547

              33,064

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              118



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.2



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              75

              102

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              102

              102

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.8

              2.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              308.2

              285.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.3

              –13.1

              6.0

              1,584

              1,009

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              3.3

              442

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.0

              21

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              540

              1,245

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              222.8

              130.6

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              6/22/2011 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              5

              602

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              15.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              5.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              3.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              370

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              19 / 35

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.4 to 2.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              151

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –71 to 36

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              5 / 12

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Niger



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa


              Low income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.0

              0.4

              0.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              0.0

              2.0

              5.1

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              7

              14

              11

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.9

              4.0

              3.7

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              7.5



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              67.5

              3.2

              3.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              43.1

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              6.8

              11.7

              10.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              143

              121

              108

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              39.9

              24.6

              28.3

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              37,958

              26,113

              16,659

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              9


              31


              35

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              48

              60

              63

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              380

              1,297

              2,047

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              32.5

              23.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              20.7

              18.3

              14.1

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              0.2

              1.2

              0.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              17.1

              3.6

              3.2

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              107

              .. 173

              11,957

              4,471

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.2



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              41

              67

              65

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              78

              89

              91

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              0.1


              0.8


              0.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              90.3

              428.6

              270.2

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.9

              685

              219

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              –16.8

              .. 590 436

              .. 334 209

              .. .. ..

              .. 689 365

              .. 308.4 303.9


              12/9/2009 (2nd)

              n/a

              ..

              Yes Yes


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a n/a

              Population (millions)

              158.4

              GDP ($ billions)

              193.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.4

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,180

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              21 / 33

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              2.0 to 2.5

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              1,150

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –128 to 89

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              6 / 19

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –2 / –2

              Nigeria



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              Sub- Saharan Africa

              Lower middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              0.5

              0.4

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              3.0

              2.0

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              15

              14

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              4.1

              4.0

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              4.7

              3.2

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              64.4

              50.9

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              12.8

              11.7

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              143

              121

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              26.7

              24.6

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              38,259

              26,113

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              32

              31

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              58

              60

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              1,528

              1,297

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              50.6

              32.5

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              15.0

              18.3

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              2.0

              1.2

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.1

              3.6

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              3,036

              11,957

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              4.0



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              133



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              2.9



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              79

              67

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              85

              89

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              0.6

              0.8

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              326.6

              428.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              95.8

              105.0

              130.3

              685

              590

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              21.6

              334

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.7

              ..

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              701

              689

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              345.1

              308.4

              217.9

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


              11/17/2003 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              5

              312

              n/a n/a

              Niue

              Population (thousands)

              1.5

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              -2.3

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              22 / 27

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.3 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              2,210

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –9 to 153

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              9 / 15

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3



              Country

              East Asia &

              Upper middle

              Exposure to Impacts

              data

              Pacific

              income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              10.4

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              10.4

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              3.3

              10.8

              2.3

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              22.2

              14.9

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              22

              24

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              80

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              59


              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              88

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              19.0

              2.8

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              3.0

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              .. 126

              14,638


              97

              26,166


              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              129

              103

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              2.5


              4.3


              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              827.1

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.0

              8,259

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 0.1

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              10/2/2001 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Population (thousands)

              60.9

              GDP ($ millions)

              ..

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.6

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              ..

              Climate



              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


              24 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.4 to 1.8

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              7,369

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


              1 to 197

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


              17 / 26

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              –3 / –3



              Country


              High


              data

              income

              Exposure to Impacts



              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              28.1

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              39.3

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.7

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              ..


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              ..

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              1.1

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              ..

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience



              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              94

              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              98

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              ..

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              ..

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              ..


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              ..


              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              ..


              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              ..

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use



              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              ..

              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              ..

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              ..

              13,285

              Northern Mariana Islands


              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              .. 1,539

              .. 813

              .. 460

              .. 4,944

              .. 147.0


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a n/a n/a

              Norway

              Population (millions)

              4.9

              GDP ($ billions)

              414.5

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              0.7

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              85,340

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              –2 / 5

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              1.8 to 3.3

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              1,119

              41 to 131

              2 / 5

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              4.9

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              9.3

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              1.1

              1.0

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              0.0


              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              0.5

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              5.4

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              14.4

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              3

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              100


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              100

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,105

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              80.5

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              18.8

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              2.8

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              ..

              ..

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.8


              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              6

              .. 100


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              99

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              10.5


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              215.9

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              50.0

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              e) –25.3

              16.9

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              4.7

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              5.2

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              6,332

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 134.9 147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication

              Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              1/22/2010 (5th)

              30% / 40%

              n/a n/a

              ..


              n/a n/a

              ..

              ..

              Oman

              Population (millions)

              2.8

              GDP ($ billions)

              46.9

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.0

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              18,260

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



              21 / 30

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


              2.0 to 2.4

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              125

              –16 to 31

              4 / 12

              –2 / –2


              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data


              High income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.1

              2.2

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              5.5

              7.7

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.4

              .. 94.7

              1.0

              10.4

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              4.0

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              10.7

              13.4

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              9

              6

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              ..

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              ..

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              87


              100

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              88

              100

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              3,473

              5,445

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              98.0

              ..

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              43.5

              87.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              6.0

              10.7

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              3.2

              1.8

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 49

              .. 80

              ..


              97

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              97

              100

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              17.3


              11.9

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              703.9

              354.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              45.7

              13,285

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              ..

              17.8

              1,539

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.6

              813

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.2

              460

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              5,554

              4,944

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 229.3 147.0

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              ..

              n/a

              ..

              n/a

              ..


              0

              0

              n/a n/a

              Pakistan

              Population (millions)

              173.6

              GDP ($ billions)

              174.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              2.2

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              1,050

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


              Country South

              Lower middle

              data Asia

              income





              Exposure to Impacts




              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              1.4

              1.5

              1.7

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              1.3

              4.4

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              18

              13

              14

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              3.1

              2.7

              2.8

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

              1.1



              Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              313.8

              50.6

              18.7

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              73.9

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              22.6

              40.3

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              10.3

              6.1

              9.5

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              87

              67

              69

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              31.3

              42.5

              31.7

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              881

              1,127

              4,874

              Resilience




              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

              45

              36

              45

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              90

              87

              84

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              2,790

              2,728

              2,754

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              62.4

              62.1

              67.3

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              65.4

              58.9

              29.3

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              1.4

              1.7

              2.6

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.2

              1.3

              2.4

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

              437

              73,548

              81,789

              Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

              3.5



              Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              105



              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

              3.1



              Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              61

              86

              88

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              82

              92

              93

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use




              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

              1.0

              1.3

              1.6

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              420.7

              504.6

              523.9

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              163.2

              6.5

              137.4

              1,970

              846

              3,744

              1,705

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              26.8

              268

              687

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

              0.8

              9

              17

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

              502

              532

              680

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              212.7

              193.5

              217.9

              National-Level Actions




              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


              Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

              NAPA submission Renewable energy target

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              13 / 27

              2.4 to 3.4

              305

              –60 to 36

              3 / 8

              –2 / –2


              11/15/2003 (1st)

              n/a

              ..

              n/a Yes


              12

              2,983

              n/a n/a

              Population (thousands)

              20.5

              GDP ($ millions)

              169.7

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.5

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              6,470

              Climate


              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

              24 / 31

              Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

              1.4 to 1.7

              Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              3,259

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

              –89 to 172

              Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

              25 / 27

              Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              –3 / –3

              Palau



              Exposure to Impacts


              Country data

              East Asia & Pacific

              Upper middle income

              Land area below 5m (% of land area)

              21.4

              2.5

              1.8

              Population below 5m (% of total)

              55.6

              10.3

              6.5

              Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

              ..

              ..

              22

              Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

              Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

              2.4

              ..

              ..

              3.3

              10.8

              2.3

              5.6

              Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

              ..

              ..

              ..

              Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

              ..

              16.8

              ..

              Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

              2.0

              14.9

              13.6

              Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

              19

              24

              20

              Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

              ..

              9.0

              4.1

              Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

              ..

              525

              80

              Resilience

              Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


              83


              59


              68

              Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

              84

              88

              92

              Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

              ..

              4,860

              3,690

              Access to electricity (% of total population)

              ..

              90.8

              98.0

              Paved roads (% of total roads)

              ..

              15.9

              50.5

              Health workers (per 1,000 people)

              7.2

              2.8

              4.5

              Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

              1.4

              3.0

              2.7

              Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

              Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

              ..

              .. 116

              .. 104

              14,638


              97

              26,166


              98

              Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

              100

              103

              103

              GHG Emissions and Energy Use

              CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


              10.5


              4.3


              5.3

              CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

              827.5

              827.1

              659.4

              CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

              0.2

              8,259

              12,860

              GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

              Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              1,928 3,455

              Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              707 1,144

              Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

              .. 243

              Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

              1,436 1,848

              Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

              259.5 227.1

              National-Level Actions

              Latest UNFCCC national communication


              6/18/2003 (1st)

              Annex-I emissions reduction target

              n/a

              NAMA submission

              ..

              NAPA submission

              n/a

              Renewable energy target

              ..

              Carbon Markets

              Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


              ..

              Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

              ..

              Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

              n/a

              Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

              n/a

              Panama

              Population (millions)

              3.5

              GDP ($ billions)

              26.8

              Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

              1.9

              GNI per capita (Atlas $)

              6,980

              Climate

              Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

              Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

              21 / 30

    4. to 2.2

2,692

–228 to 107

14 / 27

–3 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

3.7

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

4.0

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

39

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.5

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.3

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

2.4

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

18.7

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

20

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

35

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

69

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

93

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,019

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

88.1

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

38.1

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

4.3

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

8.8

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

339

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.0



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

61



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

102

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

101

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

2.0

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

173.8

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

6.9

23.7

3.2

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.2

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

896

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

75.5

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

7/20/2001 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


7

138

n/a n/a

Papua New Guinea

Population (millions)

6.9

GDP ($ billions)

9.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,300

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


20 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.4 to 1.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

3,142

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–163 to 421

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

16 / 26

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3



Country

East Asia &

Lower middle

Exposure to Impacts

data

Pacific

income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.8

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.0

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.6

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.7



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.0

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

35.8

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

3.1

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

61

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

18.1

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

18,012

525

4,874

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


45


59


45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

40

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,415

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

3.5

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.6

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.3

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

150

.. 101

14,638

81,789

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.9



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

53

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

..

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


0.3


4.3


1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

158.0

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

2.1

8,259

3,744

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.4

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

1,928 1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

707 687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

.. 17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

1,436 680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

259.5 217.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication


2/27/2002 (1st)

Annex-I emissions reduction target

n/a

NAMA submission

Yes

NAPA submission

n/a

Renewable energy target

..

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


1

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

215

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

n/a

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

Paraguay

Population (millions)

6.5

GDP ($ billions)

18.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,940

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

18 / 29

1.9 to 2.6

1,130

–48 to 112

3 / 12

–1 / –1


Latin Lower

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

1.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

31

35

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.3

2.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.7



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.5

2.0

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

5.1

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

5.4

20.8

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

25

23

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

3.8

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

16

206

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

70

79

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

86

93

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,358

3,337

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

96.7

93.4

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

50.8

28.1

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.9

6.9

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.3

2.3

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

45

33,064

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.8



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

102



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

93

102

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

102

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.7

2.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

151.9

285.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

4.1

19.5

15.4

1,584

1,009

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

9.1

442

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

21

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

749

1,245

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

182.3

130.6

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

4/10/2002 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


2

0

n/a n/a

Peru

Population (millions)

29.1

GDP ($ billions)

153.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

4,780

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

14 / 26

2.1 to 2.7

1,493

–57 to 181

8 / 23

–3 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.4

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

1.7

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

31

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.7

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

2.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

1.2

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

5.9

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

13.6

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

19

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

5.4

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

478

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

68

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

82

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,910

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

85.7

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

13.9

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.2

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

4.8

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

1,663

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.0



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

41



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

101

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1.4

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

178.7

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

40.5

56.8

17.2

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

7.6

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.3

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

550

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

69.2

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

9/28/2010 (2nd)

n/a Yes, with Goal

n/a

..


25

620

n/a n/a

Philippines

Population (millions)

93.3

GDP ($ billions)

199.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,060

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

22 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.4 to 1.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

2,348

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–136 to 140

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

13 / 24

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –3



East

Lower


Country

Asia &

middle


data

Pacific

income

Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

6.0

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

10.5

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

14

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.6

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.8



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

16.5

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

22.6

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

10.9

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

29

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

20.7

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

96

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

76

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

91

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,229

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

89.7

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

9.9

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

7.2

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.9

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

2,817

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

136



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

94

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

102

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.9

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

272.6

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

83.2

8,259

3,744

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.1

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

51.9

1,928

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

13.0

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.4

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

424

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

125.9

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

5/19/2000 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


57

245

n/a n/a

Poland

Population (millions)

38.2

GDP ($ billions)

468.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

12,410

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



4 / 12

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.9 to 2.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


600

–12 to 64

2 / 5

–2 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.7

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.5

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

4

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.0

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

24.5

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

0.4

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

21.8

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

6

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


90


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,475

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

68.2

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

7.9

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.9

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

4,638

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.3


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

62

.. 95


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


8.3


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

503.8

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

316.1

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

e) –37.2

70.0

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

30.2

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.5

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,663

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 153.6 147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

3/12/2010 (5th)

20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes


n/a n/a 17

0

Portugal

Population (millions)

10.6

GDP ($ billions)

228.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

21,850

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



10 / 20

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.3 to 2.3

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


855

–113 to –7

5 / 9

–2 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

2.3

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

5.2

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

39

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.5

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

31.3

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

11.4

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

5.9

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

4

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

99

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,455

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

86.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.8

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.6

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 30

.. 103

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

101

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


5.3


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

241.4

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

56.3

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

–14.1

12.2

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

6.0

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.8

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,210

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

102.0

147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication



6/11/2010 (5th)

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

NAMA submission NAPA submission

Renewable energy target


20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


n/a n/a

..

..

Population (millions)

4.0

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate



Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


21 / 29

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.4 to 1.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


2,054

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


–133 to 37

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


13 / 24

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


–3 / –3



Country


High


data

income

Exposure to Impacts



Land area below 5m (% of land area)

7.7

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

11.3

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

69

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.2

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

14.0

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

8.5

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

10.1

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

..

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience



Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,878

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

95.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

..

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

43


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

102

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use



CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

..

11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

..

13,285

Puerto Rico


GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

.. 1,539

.. 813

.. 460

.. 4,944

.. 147.0


n/a n/a n/a n/a

..


n/a n/a n/a n/a

Qatar

Population (millions)

1.8

GDP ($ billions)

98.3

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

6.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



21 / 33

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


2.3 to 2.9

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


74

–23 to 8

5 / 9

–2 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

13.4

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

23.1

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

6.8

.. 471.4

1.0

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.7

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

8

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,746

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

98.7

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

90.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

10.1

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

8.3

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 36

.. 108

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

120

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


49.1


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

636.1

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

68.5

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

15.7

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.2

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

14,911

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

203.7 147.0


6/20/2011 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


1

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

21.4

GDP ($ billions)

161.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

–0.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

7,840

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

4 / 14

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.0 to 3.1

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

637

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–92 to 2

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 5

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–1 / –2

Romania



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

2.9

2.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.9

3.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

9

18

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

–0.3

0.3

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

21.7

6.5

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

2.2

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

7.1

7.5

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

14

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

3.5

..

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

72

89

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

95

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,825

2,475

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

30.2

85.8

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

6.1

9.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.1

2.8

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

680

22,652

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.3



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

72



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

96

95

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

97

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

4.4

7.7

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

373.1

708.0

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

94.7

–36.5

24.3

3,110

937

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

11.5

214

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.7

76

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,602

2,833

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

148.2

276.8

227.1

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


2/15/2010 (5th)

20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes


n/a n/a 15

2,405

Russian Federation

Population (millions)

141.8

GDP ($ billions)

1,479.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

–0.2

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

9,910

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.9

2.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.9

3.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

18

18

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

–0.3

0.3

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

1.5

6.5

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

2.0

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

9.0

7.5

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

12

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

87

89

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

96

95

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,281

2,475

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

80.1

85.8

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

12.8

9.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.9

2.8

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

16,097

22,652

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

120



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

95

95

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

98

97

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

12.0

7.7

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

815.1

708.0

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1,708.7

–656.5

562.8

3,110

937

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

76.1

214

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

59.7

76

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

4,561

2,833

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

334.8

276.8

227.1

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

–10 / 0

2.6 to 3.7

460

24 to 79

2 / 4

–2 / –2


3/16/2010 (5th)

15% / 25%

n/a n/a Yes


n/a n/a 25

7,211

Population (millions)

10.6

GDP ($ billions)

5.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

520

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

12 / 24

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.1 to 2.4

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,212

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–12 to 211

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

8 / 26

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –3

Rwanda



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

0.4

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

2.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

14

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

8.3

4.0

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

1.3



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

1.6

3.2

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

76.8

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

10.0

11.7

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

91

121

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

18.0

24.6

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

11,429

26,113

16,659

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


54


31


35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

65

60

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,829

1,297

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

19.0

18.3

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.5

1.2

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.8

3.6

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

63

.. 45

11,957

4,471

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.7



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

54

67

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

89

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


0.1


0.8


0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

71.1

428.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

0.7

685

219

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2002, MtCO2e) –7.0

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

590 436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

334 209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

.. ..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

689 365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

308.4 303.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication


9/6/2005 (1st)

Annex-I emissions reduction target

n/a

NAMA submission

..

NAPA submission

Yes

Renewable energy target

Yes

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


3

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

0

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

n/a

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

Population (thousands)

183.1

GDP ($ millions)

565.2

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,860

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

24 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.3 to 1.6

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

2,991

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–41 to 196

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

16 / 25

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3

Samoa



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

7.3

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

15.6

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.1

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

3.4

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

20

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

100

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

88

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

14.2

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.2

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.4

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.5



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

60



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

4.0



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

93

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

105

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.9

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

213.0

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.2

–0.1

..

8,259

1,928

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

320

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

80.4

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

6/14/2010 (2nd)

n/a

..

Yes

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

31.5

GDP ($ billions)

1.9

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

50,400

Climate



Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


8 / 16

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.9 to 3.0

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


840

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


–111 to 3

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


4 / 6

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


–1 / –1



Country


High


data

income

Exposure to Impacts



Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.5

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

..

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

2

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience



Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

..

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

..


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

92

97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

103

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use



CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

..

11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

..

13,285

San Marino


GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2007, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

0.0

.. 1,539

.. 813

.. 460

.. 4,944

.. 147.0


8/24/2009 (1st)

n/a Yes n/a

..


..

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

165.4

GDP ($ millions)

196.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.8

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,200

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 27

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.5 to 2.0

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

2,169

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–42 to 137

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

20 / 27

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3

São Tomé and Príncipe



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

14.7

0.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

11.1

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

14

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.5

4.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.3

3.2

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

29.7

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

..

11.7

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

80

121

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

13.1

24.6

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

1,961

26,113

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

26

31

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

89

60

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,056

1,297

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

68.1

18.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.4

1.2

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.5

3.6

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

50

11,957

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

163



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.1



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

85

67

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

89

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.8

0.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

496.2

428.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.1

–1.5

..

685

590

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

334

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

280

689

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

180.0

308.4

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

5/19/2005 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Saudi Arabia

Population (millions)

27.4

GDP ($ billions)

434.7

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

16,190

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



18 / 31

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


2.3 to 2.9

..

–27 to 9

5 / 9

–1 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.5

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

1.0

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

39

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.1

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

943.3

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

31.3

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

18

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

5.3

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

7

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


99


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

96

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,161

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

99.0

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

21.5

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.0

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

5.0

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 12

.. 88

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

91

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


16.6


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

805.7

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

433.6

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

e) -15.2

48.2

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

6.5

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.2

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

5,888

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 292.9 147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/29/2005 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

12.4

GDP ($ billions)

13.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,090

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 35

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.0 to 2.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

687

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–124 to 37

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

7 / 17

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –3

Senegal



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

4.5

0.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

14.8

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

23

14

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.2

4.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.6



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

8.6

3.2

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

0.7

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

33.5

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

24.1

11.7

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

75

121

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

14.5

24.6

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

7,077

26,113

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

51

31

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

69

60

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,135

1,297

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

42.0

32.5

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

29.3

18.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.5

1.2

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.8

3.6

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

258

11,957

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

2.8



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

154



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.5



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

57

67

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

95

89

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.4

0.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

246.0

428.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

5.0

–10.5

7.1

685

590

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

4.1

334

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

243

689

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

142.2

308.4

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

9/16/2010 (2nd)

n/a

..

Yes Yes


1

0

n/a n/a

Serbia

Population (millions)

7.3

GDP ($ billions)

39.1

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

-0.2

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

5,810

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.2

2.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.1

3.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

15

18

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.0

0.3

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

6.5

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

0.6

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.0

7.5

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

7

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

1.8

..

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

92

89

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

99

95

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,623

2,475

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

47.7

85.8

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

6.5

9.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

3.4

2.8

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

107

22,652

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

92



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.9



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

96

95

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

101

97

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

6.8

7.7

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

663.2

708.0

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

49.9

–8.7

7.8

3,110

937

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

4.6

214

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

4.5

76

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,974

2,833

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

198.1

276.8

227.1

National-Level Actions




Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

2.0 to 3.1

.. –125 to -15

3 / 6

–1 / –1


11/29/2010 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

86.5

GDP ($ millions)

936.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

9,760

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

25 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.5 to 1.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,970

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–75 to 226

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

18 / 25

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3

Seychelles



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

43.9

0.4

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

41.3

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

14

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.6

4.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

3.2

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

42.0

11.7

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

14

121

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

24.6

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

26,113

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

31

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

60

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

1,297

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

96.5

18.3

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

9.4

1.2

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

39.4

3.6

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

15

11,957

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

103



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

105

67

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

103

89

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

7.8

0.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

404.4

428.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.7

–0.8

..

685

590

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

334

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,411

689

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

120.0

308.4

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/15/2020 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

5.9

GDP ($ billions)

1.9

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

340

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 31

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.8 to 2.3

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

2,526

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–96 to 128

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

9 / 24

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3

Sierra Leone



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

3.0

0.4

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

5.1

2.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

14

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.7

4.0

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.3

3.2

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

53.4

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

5.0

11.7

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

174

121

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

21.3

24.6

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

36,141

26,113

16,659

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


13


31


35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

49

60

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,402

1,297

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

8.0

18.3

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.2

1.2

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

4.5

3.6

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

168

11,957

4,471

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.0



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

141



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.0



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

67

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

68

89

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


0.2


0.8


0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

332.2

428.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

1.3

685

219

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

590 436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

334 209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

.. ..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

689 365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

308.4 303.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication


1/8/2007 (1st)

Annex-I emissions reduction target

n/a

NAMA submission

Yes

NAPA submission

Yes

Renewable energy target

..

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


0

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

0

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

n/a

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

Singapore

Population (millions)

5.1

GDP ($ billions)

222.7

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

41,430

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



23 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.5 to 1.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


2,497

–134 to 49

12 / 26

–3 / –3


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

8.1

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

12.1

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

95

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

2.6

..

..

1.0

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

5.4

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

3

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

3.3

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

100.0

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

100.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

7.7

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

17.3

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 1

..

..

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

..

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


6.7


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

139.0

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

32.3

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

2.2

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.1

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.5

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

3,704

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

80.2

147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication



11/12/2010 (2nd)

Annex-I emissions reduction target

NAMA submission NAPA submission

Renewable energy target


n/a

Yes, with Goal

n/a

..

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


2

0

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

37.9

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate



Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


..

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


..

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


..

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


..

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


..

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


..



Country


High


data

income

Exposure to Impacts



Land area below 5m (% of land area)

..

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

..

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

..

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

..

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

..

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience



Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

..

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

..


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

..

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use



CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

..

11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

..

13,285

Sint Maarten (Dutch part)


GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

..

.. 1,539

.. 813

.. 460

.. 4,944

.. 147.0


n/a n/a n/a n/a

..


n/a

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a n/a n/a

Slovak Republic

Population (millions)

5.4

GDP ($ billions)

89.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

16,210

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



2 / 12

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


2.0 to 2.9

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


824

–44 to 45

3 / 5

–1 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.2

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

1.0

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

23.5

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

8

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,327

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

87.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

6.6

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.6

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 48

.. 97

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

101

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


6.9


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

338.6

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

37.6

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

–3.4

3.9

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

3.4

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.4

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

3,178

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

165.1

147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication



2/15/2010 (5th)

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

NAMA submission NAPA submission

Renewable energy target


20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


n/a n/a 0

0

Slovenia

Population (millions)

2.1

GDP ($ billions)

47.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

24,000

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



4 / 14

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


2.0 to 3.0

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


1,161

–93 to 5

3 / 6

–1 / –1


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.2

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

1.3

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

–0.1

0.0

..

1.0

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

0.9

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

12.1

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

3

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

99

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

5,257

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

100.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

10.6

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.8

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 37

.. 96

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


8.5


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

312.1

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

17.2

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

e) –8.5

3.5

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.2

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.5

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

3,455

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 138.3 147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

4/6/2010 (5th)

20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes


n/a n/a

..

..

Solomon Islands

Population (thousands)

538.1

GDP ($ millions)

678.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.8

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,030

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

22 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.4 to 1.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

3,028

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–107 to 314

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

22 / 27

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3



East

Lower


Country

Asia &

middle


data

Pacific

income

Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

11.5

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

13.4

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

4.3

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.1

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

27

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

11.5

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

13,718

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

29

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

69

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,265

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

2.4

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.6

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

35.0

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

5

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

2.0



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

74



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.7



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

94

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.4

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

160.1

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

0.2

8,259

3,744

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

1,928

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

129

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

55.5

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

9/29/2004 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

9.3

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 33

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.9 to 2.2

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

282

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–4 to 111

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

9 / 21

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –3

Somalia



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.6

0.4

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

2.2

2.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

16

14

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.9

4.0

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

4.6



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

55.0

3.2

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.6

11.7

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

180

121

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

32.8

24.6

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

8,711

26,113

16,659

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


23


31


35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

30

60

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

371

1,297

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

11.8

18.3

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.1

1.2

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

3.6

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

1

..

..

..

..

11,957


67

4,471


65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

53

89

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


0.1


0.8


0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

428.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

0.6

685

219

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590

436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334

209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. ..

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689

365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4

303.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication


..

Annex-I emissions reduction target

n/a

NAMA submission

..

NAPA submission

..

Renewable energy target

..

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


..

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

..

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

n/a

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

Population (millions)

50.0

GDP ($ billions)

363.7

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.8

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

6,090

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

11 / 25

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.9 to 2.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

495

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–78 to 33

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 10

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

South Africa



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.1

0.4

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.5

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

34

14

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.6

4.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

1.8



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

27.9

3.2

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

17.4

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.9

11.7

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

57

121

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

24.6

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

80

26,113

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

77

31

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

91

60

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,414

1,297

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

75.0

32.5

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

17.3

18.3

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

4.9

1.2

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.4

3.6

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

2,107

11,957

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

35



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

93

67

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

89

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

8.9

0.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

930.3

428.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

435.9

–18.6

63.8

685

590

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

24.0

334

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.6

..

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,921

689

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

312.7

308.4

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

12/11/2003 (1st)

n/a Yes, with Goal

n/a Yes


20

1,900

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

46.1

GDP ($ billions)

1,407.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

31,750

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



8 / 19

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.5 to 2.6

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


636

112 to -18

4 / 8

–2 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.3

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

6.6

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

24

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.0

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.7


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

33.4

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

11.9

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

8.6

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

5

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,940

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

99.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

8.9

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.8

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

.. 44

.. 103

..


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

102

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


7.2


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

255.1

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

329.3

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

e) –28.6

36.3

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

26.5

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

9.1

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,781

4,944

Spain



Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 103.2 147.0


National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

12/18/2009 (5th)

20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes


n/a n/a 3

0

Sri Lanka

Population (millions)

20.9

GDP ($ billions)

49.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,240

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


Country South

Lower middle

data Asia

income





Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

3.9

1.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

5.4

4.4

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

13

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.3

2.7

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

2.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

24.5

50.6

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

7.0

40.3

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

20.8

6.1

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

17

67

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

21.6

42.5

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

21

1,127

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

91

36

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

90

87

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,664

2,728

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

76.6

62.1

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

81.0

58.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.9

1.7

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.0

1.3

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

72

73,548

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.5



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

89



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.4



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

97

86

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

104

92

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.6

1.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

138.5

504.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

11.8

379.1

10.2

1,970

846

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.1

268

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

9

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

449

532

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

105.5

193.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

23 / 31

    1. to 1.8

1,712

11 to 196

8 / 24

–3 / –3


11/6/2000 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


7

238

n/a n/a

St. Kitts and Nevis

Population (thousands)

52.4

GDP ($ millions)

526.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

9,520

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

21 / 28

    1. to 1.8

      2,133

      –102 to 32

      12 / 23

      –3 / –3


      Latin Upper

      Country America & middle

      data the Carib. income

      Exposure to Impacts


      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      19.0

      1.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      22.1

      3.8

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      35

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.8

      2.0

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      2.0

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      0.0

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      8.1

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      3.6

      20.8

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      8

      23

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      3.8

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      206

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      96

      79

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      99

      93

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      3,337

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      93.4

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      28.1

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      5.8

      6.9

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      24.3

      2.3

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      13

      33,064

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      3.5



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      95



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      96

      102

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      104

      102

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      4.9

      2.8

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      350.5

      285.6

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.2

      –0.1

      ..

      1,584

      1,009

      12,860

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      442

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      21

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      1,645

      1,245

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      122.1

      130.6

      227.1

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      11/30/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      St. Lucia

      Population (thousands)

      174.0

      GDP ($ millions)

      932.0

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.3

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      4,970

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      22 / 29

    2. to 1.7

2,301

–159 to 14

14 / 24

–3 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

8.0

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

8.0

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.1

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

20.9

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

14.3

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

16

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

89

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

98

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.6

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

13.0

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

11

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.3



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

52



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

4.0



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

96

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

2.3

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

253.7

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.4

-0.3

..

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

760

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

82.7

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/30/2001 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

30.2

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate



Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


..

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


..

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


..

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


..

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


..

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


..



Country


High


data

income

Exposure to Impacts



Land area below 5m (% of land area)

..

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

..

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

..

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

..

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

..

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience



Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

..

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

..


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

..

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use



CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

..

11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

..

13,285

St. Martin (French part)


GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

..

.. 1,539

.. 813

.. 460

.. 4,944

.. 147.0


n/a n/a n/a n/a

..


n/a

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a n/a n/a

St. Vincent & the Grenadines

Population (thousands)

109.3

GDP ($ millions)

561.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

4,850

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

23 / 30

    1. to 1.7

1,583

–165 to 15

15 / 25

–3 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

22.0

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

22.0

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.9

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

10.9

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

21

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,387

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

70.0

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

4.5

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

17.8

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

35

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

75



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.8



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

109

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

98

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1.8

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

215.2

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1997, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.2

–0.1

..

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

642

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

75.7

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/21/2000 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

43.6

GDP ($ billions)

62.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,270

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

19 / 34

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.1 to 2.6

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

417

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–69 to 44

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

5 / 17

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Sudan



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.1

0.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.2

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

12

14

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

5.1

4.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

2.8



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

123.8

3.2

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

1.0

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

4.9

11.7

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

103

121

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

31.7

24.6

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

12,805

26,113

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

34

31

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

57

60

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

587

1,297

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

35.9

32.5

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

36.3

18.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.1

1.2

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

4.7

3.6

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

478

11,957

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

135



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.2



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

57

67

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

89

89

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.3

0.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

173.2

428.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

14.1

17.8

67.4

685

590

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

49.5

334

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

372

689

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

187.5

308.4

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

6/7/2003 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Suriname

Population (thousands)

524.6

GDP ($ billions)

3.3

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

5,920

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

21 / 30

1.9 to 2.9

2,331

–138 to 107

10 / 27

–2 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

3.4

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

68.2

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.8

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.3



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

0.8

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

15.5

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

11.4

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

31

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

7.5

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

681

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

84

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

93

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,750

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

26.3

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.1

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

–2.9

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

60

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

158



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

88

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

107

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

4.7

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

697.7

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.4

1.5

..

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,400

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

213.8

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


3/27/2006 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

1.2

GDP ($ billions)

3.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,630

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

16 / 27

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.0 to 2.4

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

788

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–82 to 34

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 11

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Swaziland



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

0.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

14

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.1

4.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

9.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

39.5

3.2

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

62.9

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

3.0

11.7

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

78

121

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

6.1

24.6

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

57

26,113

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

55

31

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

69

60

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,148

1,297

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

32.5

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

30.0

18.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

6.5

1.2

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.5

3.6

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

15

11,957

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

124



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

72

67

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

92

89

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.9

0.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

205.6

428.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.1

–3.3

..

685

590

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

334

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

373

689

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

81.5

308.4

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

5/21/2002 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Sweden

Population (millions)

9.4

GDP ($ billions)

458.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

50,000

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



–2 / 6

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


2.1 to 3.1

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


624

35 to 107

2 / 4

–2 / –2


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.5

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

6.3

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

14

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.6

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

1.6

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

11.3

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

3

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

5,086

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

23.6

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

15.2

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.2

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.8


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

14

.. 95


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


5.3


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

155.1

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

49.0

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

–41.6

11.3

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

5.9

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.1

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

5,414

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

160.7

147.0

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication



2/4/2010 (5th)

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990)

NAMA submission NAPA submission

Renewable energy target


20% / 30% (EU)

n/a n/a Yes

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


n/a n/a 0

0

Switzerland

Population (millions)

7.8

GDP ($ billions)

523.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.8

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

70,030

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



2 / 9

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.7 to 2.8

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


1,537

–89 to 11

3 / 6

–1 / –1


Exposure to Impacts


Country data


High income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

15

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.8

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

6.5

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

22.8

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

5

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


100


100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

6,579

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

100.0

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

4.1

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

–1.2

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

4.8


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

26

.. 96


97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

98

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


5.3


11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

138.7

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

40.4

13,285

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

e) 0.1

4.7

1,539

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.4

813

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.1

460

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

3,362

4,944

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

89.8 147.0


12/14/2009 (5th)

20% / 30%

n/a n/a Yes


n/a

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

..

..

Population (millions)

20.4

GDP ($ billions)

59.1

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,790

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

11 / 25

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.2 to 3.1

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

318

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–57 to -13

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 7

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –1

Syrian Arab Republic



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Middle East &

N. Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.1

1.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.3

9.7

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

34

20

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.1

2.5

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.5



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

235.0

121.9

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

8.9

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

3.6

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.6

4.0

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

16

34

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

10.0

6.8

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

96

84

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

89

87

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,708

2,512

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

92.7

92.9

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

91.0

74.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.4

3.6

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.3

2.9

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

65

5,854

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.5



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

134



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

112

88

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

97

93

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

3.6

3.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

808.0

604.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

71.6

.. 12.5

1,230

287

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

5.5

74

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

7

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,123

1,399

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

239.5

213.9

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

12/29/2010 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


3

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

6.9

GDP ($ billions)

5.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

800

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

-4 / 8

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.3 to 3.4

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

491

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–46 to 27

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 7

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–1 / –1

Tajikistan



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Europe & Central Asia


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

2.5

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

3.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

18

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.4

0.3

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

5.4



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

18.0

6.5

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

14.8

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

21.5

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

4.1

7.5

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

63

23

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

14.9

..

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

9

..

16,659

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

94

89

35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

70

95

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,731

2,475

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

85.8

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

7.0

9.9

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.3

2.8

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

56

22,652

4,471

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

147



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.8



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

98

95

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

91

97

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.5

7.7

0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

264.0

708.0

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

3.1

–1.9

3.9

3,110

937

219

436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.4

214

209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.4

76

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

342

2,833

365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

180.3

276.8

303.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


12/31/2008 (2nd)

n/a Yes n/a

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

44.8

GDP ($ billions)

23.1

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.8

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

530

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

17 / 28

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.9 to 2.2

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,071

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–9 to 167

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

6 / 22

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –3

Tanzania



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.2

0.4

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

1.3

2.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

7

14

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

4.5

4.0

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

1.5



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

6.2

3.2

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

67.9

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

27.7

11.7

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

76

121

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

16.7

24.6

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

24,088

26,113

16,659

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

24

31

35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

54

60

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,110

1,297

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

13.9

32.5

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

7.4

18.3

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.2

1.2

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.9

3.6

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

625

11,957

4,471

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.5



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

127



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.3



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

102

67

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

96

89

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.2

0.8

0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

130.4

428.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

6.5

913.6

32.0

685

590

219

436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

21.6

334

209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

451

689

365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

373.1

308.4

303.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

7/4/2003 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


1

56

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

69.1

GDP ($ billions)

318.8

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.0

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

4,150

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 31

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.7 to 2.1

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,622

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–109 to 76

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 17

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Thailand



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

4.2

2.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

13.8

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

10

..

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.7

3.3

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

3.8



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

25.5

10.8

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

19.6

14.9

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

13

24

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

7.0

9.0

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

322

525

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

96

59

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

98

88

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,951

4,860

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

99.3

90.8

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

98.5

15.9

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.8

2.8

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.0

3.0

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

4,720

14,638

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.8



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

17



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

103

103

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

4.2

4.3

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

567.3

827.1

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

285.7

–7.9

83.3

8,259

1,928

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

22.3

707

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.1

..

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,504

1,436

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

210.0

259.5

227.1

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


3/24/2011 (2nd)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


55

902

n/a n/a

Timor-Leste

Population (millions)

1.1

GDP ($ millions)

701.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.1

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,220

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


Exposure to Impacts


Country data

East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

2.9

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

4.4

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.6

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.0



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

37.4

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.0

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

55

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

41.5

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

46,380

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

50

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

69

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,316

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

22.0

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.3

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

39.9

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

168



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.7



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

80

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

95

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.2

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

234.5

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.2

..

..

8,259

1,928

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

58

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

84.9

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

    1. to 1.7

      .. –123 to 206

      16 / 26

      –3 / –3


      12/20/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      Yes

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Togo

      Population (millions)

      6.0

      GDP ($ billions)

      3.2

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      2.5

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      490

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      22 / 33

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.9 to 2.5

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      1,168

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –175 to 100

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      6 / 21

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –2 / –2



      Sub-



      Country

      Saharan

      Low


      data

      Africa

      income

      Exposure to Impacts




      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      0.6

      0.4

      0.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      6.1

      2.0

      5.1

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      28

      14

      11

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      4.3

      4.0

      3.7

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.5



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      1.5

      3.2

      3.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      38.7

      50.9

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      11.3

      11.7

      10.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      103

      121

      108

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      22.3

      24.6

      28.3

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      30,388

      26,113

      16,659

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      12

      31

      35

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      60

      60

      63

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      1,398

      1,297

      2,047

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      20.0

      32.5

      23.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      21.0

      18.3

      14.1

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      0.3

      1.2

      0.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      1.3

      3.6

      3.2

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      23

      11,957

      4,471

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      162



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      2.6



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      61

      67

      65

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      75

      89

      91

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      0.2

      0.8

      0.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      280.6

      428.6

      270.2

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      1.4

      685

      219

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e) 28.1

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      2.9

      590

      436

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.7

      334

      209

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      ..

      ..

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      445

      689

      365

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      503.1

      308.4

      303.9

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      7/21/2005 (1st)

      n/a Yes Yes

      ..


      0

      0

      n/a n/a

      Population (thousands)

      104.1

      GDP ($ millions)

      357.5

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      3,390

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      23 / 28

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.3 to 1.7

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      1,966

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –13 to 182

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      8 / 14

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –3 / –3

      Tonga



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      East Asia & Pacific

      Lower middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      40.5

      2.5

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      31.3

      10.3

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      1.0

      3.3

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      10.8

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      16.8

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      14.5

      14.9

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      16

      24

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      9.0

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      525

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      96

      59

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      88

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      4,860

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      90.8

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      27.0

      15.9

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      2.9

      2.8

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      4.5

      3.0

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      10

      14,638

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      58



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      3.8



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      105

      97

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      100

      103

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      1.7

      4.3

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      413.9

      827.1

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.2

      –0.3

      ..

      8,259

      1,928

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      707

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      ..

      ..

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      567

      1,436

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      139.9

      259.5

      217.9

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      11/30/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a Yes


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Trinidad and Tobago

      Population (millions)

      1.3

      GDP ($ billions)

      20.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.5

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      15,400

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      22 / 30

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.5 to 2.1

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      1,787

      –266 to 8

      15 / 26

      –3 / –3


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      8.0

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      7.5

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      3.0

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      6.0

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      12.7

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      4.2

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      31.2

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      27

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      4.4

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      92


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      94

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      2,598

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      99.0

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      51.1

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      4.7

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      2.7

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      .. 68

      .. 93

      ..


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      101

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      37.4


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      1,552.9

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      49.8

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) -1.5

      10.1

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.2

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      15,158

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 654.9 147.0

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      11/30/2001 (1st)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Population (millions)

      10.5

      GDP ($ billions)

      44.3

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.3

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      4,060

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      14 / 25

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.9 to 2.6

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      313

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –57 to –16

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      3 / 7

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –2 / –2

      Tunisia



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Middle East &

      N. Africa

      Upper middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      2.8

      1.4

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      9.5

      9.7

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      20

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.0

      2.5

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.1



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      67.6

      121.9

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      4.1

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      2.6

      3.6

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      1.3

      4.0

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      16

      34

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      3.3

      6.8

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      85

      84

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      94

      87

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      1,813

      2,512

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      99.5

      92.9

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      75.2

      74.3

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      4.5

      3.6

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      3.4

      2.9

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      1,061

      5,854

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      46



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      90

      88

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      103

      93

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      2.4

      3.8

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      329.2

      604.6

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      25.0

      –1.8

      8.2

      1,230

      287

      12,860

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      2.4

      74

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.0

      7

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      881

      1,399

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      117.4

      213.9

      227.1

      National-Level Actions




      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      10/27/2001 (1st)

      n/a Yes n/a Yes


      2

      0

      n/a n/a

      Turkey

      Population (millions)

      72.8

      GDP ($ billions)

      735.3

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.5

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      9,890

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      5 / 17

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.9 to 2.9

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      593

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –103 to -29

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      3 / 6

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –1 / –1



      Europe &

      Upper


      Country

      Central

      middle


      data

      Asia

      income

      Exposure to Impacts




      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      1.0

      2.5

      1.8

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      2.4

      3.0

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      29

      18

      22

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.3

      0.3

      2.3

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.1



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      17.7

      6.5

      5.6

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      13.4

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      2.7

      3.7

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      1.9

      7.5

      13.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      18

      23

      20

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      3.5

      ..

      4.1

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      0

      ..

      80

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      90

      89

      68

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      99

      95

      92

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      2,808

      2,475

      3,690

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      98.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      85.8

      50.5

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      1.6

      9.9

      4.5

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      1.3

      2.8

      2.7

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      6,606

      22,652

      26,166

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      71



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      93

      95

      98

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      93

      97

      103

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      4.0

      7.7

      5.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      322.8

      708.0

      659.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      284.0

      3,110

      12,860

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) –82.5

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      64.3

      937

      3,455

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      32.8

      214

      1,144

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      5.1

      76

      243

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      1,440

      2,833

      1,848

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      114.9

      276.8

      227.1

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      2/20/2007 (4th)

      ..

      n/a n/a Yes


      n/a n/a

      ..

      ..

      Population (millions)

      5.0

      GDP ($ billions)

      21.1

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.6

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      3,800

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      9 / 22

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.8 to 3.0

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      162

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –32 to 12

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      3 / 6

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –1 / –1

      Turkmenistan



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Europe & Central Asia

      Lower middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      5.3

      2.5

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      5.6

      3.0

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      18

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      2.1

      0.3

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      1,831.6

      6.5

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      24.8

      3.7

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      3.0

      7.5

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      56

      23

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      10.5

      ..

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      0

      ..

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      98

      89

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      83

      95

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      3,203

      2,475

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      81.2

      85.8

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      7.0

      9.9

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      9.9

      2.8

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      44

      22,652

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      ..



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      95

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      ..

      97

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      9.7

      7.7

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      1,537.5

      708.0

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      47.8

      -0.8

      28.0

      3,110

      937

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      4.3

      214

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.1

      76

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      3,933

      2,833

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      593.2

      276.8

      217.9

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      11/29/2010 (2nd)

      n/a

      ..

      n/a

      ..


      ..

      ..

      n/a n/a

      Population (thousands)

      38.4

      GDP ($ millions)

      ..

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      6.0

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      ..

      Climate



      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


      25 / 31

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.4 to 1.7

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


      3,035

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


      –87 to 52

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


      11 / 18

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      –3 / –2



      Country


      High


      data

      income

      Exposure to Impacts



      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      53.3

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      53.3

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      ..

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      ..


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      42.9

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      ..

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience



      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      96

      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      ..

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      ..

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      ..

      ..

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      2.3


      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      ..


      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..


      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      92

      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      100

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use



      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      4.4

      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      0.2

      13,285

      Turks and Caicos Islands


      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      ..

      .. 1,539

      .. 813

      .. 460

      .. 4,944

      .. 147.0


      n/a n/a n/a n/a

      ..


      n/a n/a n/a n/a

      Tuvalu

      Population (thousands)

      9.8

      GDP ($ millions)

      31.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      4,530

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


      25 / 31

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      1.4 to 1.9

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      3,035

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      9 to 651

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      24 / 27

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –3 / –3



      Country

      East Asia &

      Lower middle

      Exposure to Impacts

      data

      Pacific

      income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      100.0

      2.5

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      100.0

      10.3

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      ..

      ..

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      3.3

      10.8

      2.8

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      16.8

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      0.4

      14.9

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      33

      24

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      1.6

      9.0

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      525

      4,874

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      84


      59


      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      97

      88

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      ..

      4,860

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      90.8

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      ..

      15.9

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      6.5

      2.8

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      4.8

      3.0

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      .. 99

      14,638


      97

      81,789


      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      112

      103

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      ..


      4.3


      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      ..

      827.1

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      ..

      8,259

      3,744

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      1,928 1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      707 687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      .. 17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

      1,436 680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

      259.5 217.9

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication


      10/30/1999 (1st)

      Annex-I emissions reduction target

      n/a

      NAMA submission

      ..

      NAPA submission

      Yes

      Renewable energy target

      ..

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


      ..

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

      ..

      Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      n/a

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a

      Population (millions)

      33.4

      GDP ($ billions)

      17.0

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      3.2

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      500

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      17 / 29

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      2.1 to 2.3

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      1,180

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      –13 to 224

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      6 / 26

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –2 / –3

      Uganda



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Sub- Saharan Africa


      Low income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      0.0

      0.4

      0.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      0.0

      2.0

      5.1

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      5

      14

      11

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      4.1

      4.0

      3.7

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.9



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      0.8

      3.2

      3.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      37.7

      50.9

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      9.7

      11.7

      10.6

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      99

      121

      108

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      16.4

      24.6

      28.3

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      36,233

      26,113

      16,659

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      48


      31


      35

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      67

      60

      63

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      1,539

      1,297

      2,047

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      9.0

      32.5

      23.0

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      23.0

      18.3

      14.1

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      1.4

      1.2

      0.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      4.8

      3.6

      3.2

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      257

      .. 123

      11,957

      4,471

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      3.2



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      73

      67

      65

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      99

      89

      91

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      0.1


      0.8


      0.3

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      110.8

      428.6

      270.2

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      3.7

      685

      219

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 8.3

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      590 436

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      334 209

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) ..

      .. ..

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) ..

      689 365

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) ..

      308.4 303.9

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication


      10/26/2002 (1st)

      Annex-I emissions reduction target

      n/a

      NAMA submission

      ..

      NAPA submission

      Yes

      Renewable energy target

      Yes

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


      5

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

      0

      Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      n/a

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a

      Population (millions)

      45.9

      GDP ($ billions)

      137.9

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      -0.6

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      3,010

      Climate


      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

      4 / 13

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

      2.1 to 3.0

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      565

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

      -43 to 31

      Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

      3 / 5

      Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      –1 / –2

      Ukraine



      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data

      Europe & Central Asia

      Lower middle income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      1.5

      2.5

      1.7

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      2.1

      3.0

      6.5

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      14

      18

      14

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      -0.5

      0.3

      2.8

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.3



      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      72.5

      6.5

      18.7

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      5.3

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      <2

      3.7

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      3.5

      7.5

      9.5

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      13

      23

      69

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      0.9

      ..

      31.7

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      4,874

      Resilience




      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

      95

      89

      45

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      98

      95

      84

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      3,004

      2,475

      2,754

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      67.3

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      97.8

      85.8

      29.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      11.6

      9.9

      2.6

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      4.7

      2.8

      2.4

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      423

      22,652

      81,789

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      ..



      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      152



      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

      ..



      Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      95

      95

      88

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      99

      97

      93

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use




      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

      7.0

      7.7

      1.6

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      1,040.6

      708.0

      523.9

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e)

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      323.5

      –19.2

      70.4

      3,110

      937

      3,744

      1,705

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      26.1

      214

      687

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      0.7

      76

      17

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      2,507

      2,833

      680

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      435.9

      276.8

      217.9

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


      2/8/2010 (5th)

      20%

      n/a n/a

      ..


      n/a n/a 80

      39,780

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 247.1

      147.0

      National-Level Actions


      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      4/7/2010 (2nd)

      Annex-I emissions reduction target

      n/a

      NAMA submission

      ..

      NAPA submission

      n/a

      Renewable energy target

      ..

      Carbon Markets


      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      5

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

      80

      Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      n/a

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a

      United Arab Emirates

      Population (millions)

      7.5

      GDP ($ billions)

      230.3

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      7.1

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      ..

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      21 / 33

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      2.2 to 2.8

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      78

      –26 to 17

      4 / 9

      –2 / –2


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      4.6

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      7.3

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      21

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      7.0

      .. 2,032.0

      1.0

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      5.6

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      7

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      97


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      3,000

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      100.0

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      100.0

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      6.0

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      1.7

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      .. 33

      .. 99

      ..


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      100

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      25.0


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      638.6

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      155.1

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) -9.7

      23.3

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.2

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      1.1

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      8,588

      4,944

      United Kingdom

      Population (millions)

      62.2

      GDP ($ billions)

      2,246.1

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      38,560

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      5 / 12

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      1.1 to 1.8

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      1,220

      –10 to 66

      3 / 5

      –1 / –2


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      7.6

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      8.6

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      26

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      0.5

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.0


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      10.0

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      24.4

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      5

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      ..

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      100


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      100

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      7,072

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      100.0

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      13.0

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      2.1

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      ..

      .. 7

      ..

      ..

      ..


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      101

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      8.5


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      251.5

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      522.9

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) –4.1

      65.8

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      30.6

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      10.4

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      3,283

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      102.0 147.0


      6/12/2009 (5th)

      20% / 30% (EU)

      n/a n/a Yes


      n/a

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      n/a

      ..

      ..

      United States

      Population (millions)

      309.1

      GDP ($ billions)

      14,582.4

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      1.1

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      47,240

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)



      2 / 15

      Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


      2.0 to 3.0

      Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


      736

      –26 to 98

      3 / 6

      –1 / –1


      Exposure to Impacts


      Country data


      High income

      Land area below 5m (% of land area)

      1.7

      2.2

      Population below 5m (% of total)

      4.1

      7.7

      Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

      45

      ..

      Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

      1.5

      1.0

      Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

      0.2


      Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

      17.0

      10.4

      Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

      ..

      ..

      Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

      ..

      ..

      Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

      14.8

      13.4

      Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

      8

      6

      Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

      1.3

      ..

      Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

      ..

      ..

      Resilience

      Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


      100


      100

      Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

      99

      100

      Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

      7,238

      5,445

      Access to electricity (% of total population)

      ..

      ..

      Paved roads (% of total roads)

      67.4

      87.3

      Health workers (per 1,000 people)

      9.8

      10.7

      Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

      1.6

      1.8

      Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

      ..

      ..

      Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

      3.5


      Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

      Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

      4

      .. 96


      97

      Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

      101

      100

      GHG Emissions and Energy Use

      CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


      17.9


      11.9

      CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

      414.8

      354.4

      CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

      5,461.0

      13,285

      GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2

      Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      e) –990.1

      548.1

      1,539

      Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      317.2

      813

      Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

      239.5

      460

      Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

      7,232

      4,944

      Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 169.6 147.0

      National-Level Actions

      Latest UNFCCC national communication

      Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2005) NAMA submission

      NAPA submission Renewable energy target

      Carbon Markets

      Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

      Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

      Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

      5/28/2010 (5th)

      17%

      n/a n/a

      ..


      n/a n/a

      ..

      ..

      Uruguay

      Population (millions)

      3.4

      GDP ($ billions)

      40.3

      Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

      0.4

      GNI per capita (Atlas $)

      10,590

      Climate

      Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

      Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

      12 / 23

    2. to 1.8

1,265

0 to 130

2 / 6

–1 / –1


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

1.9

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

4.7

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

49

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.6

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.3



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

5.3

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

1.2

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

<2

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.3

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

11

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

6.0

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

100

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

100

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,045

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

98.3

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

9.3

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

4.0

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

42

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

90



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

106

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

104

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

2.5

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

214.0

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

8.3

–10.3

19.6

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

7.0

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.1

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,224

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

102.5

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

11/18/2010 (3rd)

n/a

..

n/a

..


6

41

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

28.2

GDP ($ billions)

39.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.6

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,280

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

6 / 18

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.0 to 3.0

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

206

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–26 to 17

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

3 / 6

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–1 / –1

Uzbekistan



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.1

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

3.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

8

18

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

1.2

0.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

364.8

6.5

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

46.3

3.7

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

2.3

7.5

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

52

23

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

4.4

..

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

0

..

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

100

89

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

87

95

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

4,269

2,475

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

87.3

85.8

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

13.4

9.9

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

2.1

2.8

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

644

22,652

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

166



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.8



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

92

95

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

99

97

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

4.6

7.7

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

1,862.7

708.0

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

124.9

0.4

39.6

3,110

937

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

10.0

214

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.6

76

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

1,758

2,833

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

673.3

276.8

217.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


12/3/2008 (2nd)

n/a

..

n/a

..


11

0

n/a n/a

Vanuatu

Population (thousands)

239.7

GDP ($ millions)

729.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

2,760

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 27

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.3 to 1.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

2,876

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–163 to 180

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

10 / 19

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–3 / –3



East

Lower


Country

Asia &

middle


data

Pacific

income

Exposure to Impacts




Land area below 5m (% of land area)

11.7

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

10.8

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

4.0

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

4.3

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

14

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

11.7

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

6,036

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

52

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

83

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

565

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

23.9

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

1.8

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

5.3

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

35

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

2.0



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

76



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.4



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

83

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

100

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.4

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

98.7

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

0.1

8,259

3,744

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 0.0

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

1,928

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

..

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

157

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

40.1

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication

Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

10/30/1999 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Venezuela, RB

Population (millions)

28.8

GDP ($ billions)

387.9

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

11,590

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

20 / 30

    1. to 2.9

1,875

–150 to 85

9 / 27

–3 / –3


Latin Upper

Country America & middle

data the Carib. income

Exposure to Impacts


Land area below 5m (% of land area)

2.3

1.5

1.8

Population below 5m (% of total)

3.7

3.8

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

32

35

22

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.4

2.0

2.3

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

1.3

2.0

5.6

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

3.0

8.1

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

53.7

20.8

13.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

18

23

20

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

3.7

3.8

4.1

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

263

206

80

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

91

79

68

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

93

93

92

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

3,695

3,337

3,690

Access to electricity (% of total population)

99.0

93.4

98.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

33.6

28.1

50.5

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

3.1

6.9

4.5

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

-0.4

2.3

2.7

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

423

33,064

26,166

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

2.8



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

177



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

95

102

98

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

102

102

103

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

6.1

2.8

5.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

516.2

285.6

659.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1999, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

169.5

–14.3

61.2

1,584

1,009

12,860

3,455

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

14.9

442

1,144

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

2.5

21

243

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

2,357

1,245

1,848

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

210.6

130.6

227.1

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


10/13/2005 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


..

..

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

86.9

GDP ($ billions)

103.6

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

1.4

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,110

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

21 / 28

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

1.4 to 2.1

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,821

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–107 to 61

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

6 / 14

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–1 / –1

Vietnam



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

17.5

2.5

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

42.8

10.3

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

13

..

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

3.1

3.3

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

1.6



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

22.8

10.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

13.1

16.8

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

6.2

14.9

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

23

24

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

20.2

9.0

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

55

525

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

75

59

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

94

88

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

5,075

4,860

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

97.6

90.8

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

47.6

15.9

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

2.2

2.8

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

7.7

3.0

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

155

14,638

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

98



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.6



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

102

97

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

93

103

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1.5

4.3

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

573.2

827.1

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

127.4

15.1

83.0

8,259

1,928

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

23.0

707

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

745

1,436

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

273.7

259.5

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

12/7/2010 (2nd)

n/a

..

n/a Yes


78

6,646

n/a n/a

Population (thousands)

109.8

GDP ($ millions)

..

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.3

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

..

Climate



Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)


22 / 30

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)


1.3 to 1.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)


2,263

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)


–116 to 44

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights


12 / 23

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights


–3 / –3



Country


High


data

income

Exposure to Impacts



Land area below 5m (% of land area)

31.0

2.2

Population below 5m (% of total)

21.9

7.7

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

..

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

0.7

1.0

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..


Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

..

10.4

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

15.2

13.4

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

..

6

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

..

..

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

Resilience



Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

..

100

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

..

100

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

..

5,445

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

..

Paved roads (% of total roads)

..

87.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

..

10.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

..

1.8

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

..

..

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..


Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

..


Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

..


Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

..

97

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

..

100

GHG Emissions and Energy Use



CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

..

11.9

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

354.4

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

..

13,285

Virgin Islands (U.S.)


GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

..

.. 1,539

.. 813

.. 460

.. 4,944

.. 147.0


n/a n/a n/a n/a

..


n/a n/a n/a n/a

West Bank and Gaza

Population (millions)

4.2

GDP ($ billions)

4.0

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

3.7

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,250

Climate

Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

..

2.0 to 2.6

.. –40 to –13

4 / 8

–2 / –2



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Middle East &

N. Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

14.8

1.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

11.2

9.7

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

..

20

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

4.0

.. 51.5

2.5

121.9

2.8

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

4.6

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

3.6

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

..

4.0

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

22

34

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

2.2

6.8

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

..

..

4,874

Resilience

Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)


89


84


45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

91

87

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,565

2,512

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

..

92.9

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

100.0

74.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.8

3.6

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.2

2.9

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

47

.. 131

.. 82

5,854


88

81,789


88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

104

93

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use

CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)


0.5


3.8


1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

311.3

604.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

2.1

1,230

3,744

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) ..

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 287

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 74

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 7

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 1,399

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 213.9

217.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication


n/a

Annex-I emissions reduction target

n/a

NAMA submission

n/a

NAPA submission

n/a

Renewable energy target

..

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects


n/a

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands)

n/a

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

n/a

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

n/a

Population (millions)

24.1

GDP ($ billions)

26.4

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

3.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,070

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

19 / 29

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.0 to 2.6

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

167

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–24 to 51

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

6 / 13

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Yemen, Rep.



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Middle East &

N. Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.6

1.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

1.8

9.7

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

10

20

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

5.6

2.5

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

0.1



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

161.4

121.9

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

3.3

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

3.6

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

0.5

4.0

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

77

34

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

43.1

6.8

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

1,106

..

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

52

84

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

62

87

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

1,003

2,512

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

39.6

92.9

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

8.7

74.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.3

3.6

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

0.5

2.9

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

59

5,854

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

2.3



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

99



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.9



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

61

88

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

66

93

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

1.0

3.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

458.8

604.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

23.4

–9.7

6.7

1,230

287

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

3.3

74

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

7

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

324

1,399

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

143.0

213.9

217.9

National-Level Actions

Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)


10/29/2001 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

12.9

GDP ($ billions)

16.2

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

2.5

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

1,070

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

15 / 28

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.1 to 2.7

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

1,020

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–54 to 94

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 18

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Zambia



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

0.4

1.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

2.0

6.5

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

11

14

14

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.0

4.0

2.8

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

4.2



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

2.2

3.2

18.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

36.0

11.7

9.5

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

111

121

69

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

14.9

24.6

31.7

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

13,456

26,113

4,874

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

49

31

45

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

60

60

84

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

2,067

1,297

2,754

Access to electricity (% of total population)

18.8

32.5

67.3

Paved roads (% of total roads)

22.0

18.3

29.3

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.8

1.2

2.6

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

6.4

3.6

2.4

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

453

11,957

81,789

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

3.8



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

84



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

3.1



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

87

67

88

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

96

89

93

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.2

0.8

1.6

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

119.4

428.6

523.9

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

1.9

3.5

19.3

685

590

3,744

1,705

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

25.1

334

687

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

17

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

617

689

680

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

466.8

308.4

217.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

8/18/2004 (1st)

n/a

..

Yes

..


1

0

n/a n/a

Population (millions)

12.6

GDP ($ billions)

7.5

Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010)

0.9

GNI per capita (Atlas $)

460

Climate


Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius)

14 / 28

Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius)

2.2 to 2.9

Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)

692

Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm)

–81 to 24

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights

4 / 13

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights

–2 / –2

Zimbabwe



Exposure to Impacts


Country data

Sub- Saharan Africa


Low income

Land area below 5m (% of land area)

0.0

0.4

0.7

Population below 5m (% of total)

0.0

2.0

5.1

Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%)

13

14

11

Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)

2.3

4.0

3.7

Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009)

..



Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources)

34.3

3.2

3.7

Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land)

..

..

..

Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)

..

50.9

..

Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)

28.0

11.7

10.6

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

80

121

108

Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five)

14.0

24.6

28.3

Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)

7,480

26,113

16,659

Resilience




Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.)

44

31

35

Access to improved water source (% of total pop.)

82

60

63

Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)

450

1,297

2,047

Access to electricity (% of total population)

41.5

32.5

23.0

Paved roads (% of total roads)

19.0

18.3

14.1

Health workers (per 1,000 people)

0.9

1.2

0.7

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

1.4

3.6

3.2

Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions)

301

11,957

4,471

Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best)

..



Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)

171



Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best)

2.1



Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)

81

67

65

Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)

97

89

91

GHG Emissions and Energy Use




CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)

0.7

0.8

0.3

CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

428.6

270.2

CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)

Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

9.1

–62.2

9.5

685

590

219

436

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)

6.1

334

209

Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)

0.0

..

..

Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)

763

689

365

Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)

..

308.4

303.9

National-Level Actions




Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission

NAPA submission Renewable energy target

Carbon Markets

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects

Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)

5/25/1998 (1st)

n/a

..

n/a

..


0

0

n/a n/a

Renewable energy in 2010 


2010 saw a new record for global investment in renewable power and fuels1 of $211 billion. This reflects a 32 percent increase in investments compared to 2009 and nearly seven-fold increase compared to 2004. Investment levels were boosted particularly by wind farm development in China and small-scale solar photovoltaic installations on rooftops in Europe.

Asset finance for utility-scale generation and biofuel projects reached $128 billion in 2010 rising from 19 percent in 2009. Over the same period, invest- ment in small distributed capacity soared 91 percent to $60 billion. Though renewable power capacity remains a small fraction of total world power capacity at around 8 percent (excluding large hydropower), its share in overall new power capacity additions is gradually increasing and has risen from about 10 percent to 34 percent between 2004 and 2010. Investment in renewable energy (excluding large hydropower) is also progressively catching up with investment in fossil fuel–based generation capacity. Investment in small-scale renewable heat (e.g., biomass heating, ground- and air- source heating, and solar water heating) is also gaining traction. In 2010, invest- ment in solar water heating alone was estimated at $10 billion.2


Other segments of the value chain also grew over the period 2009–10: venture capital for young firms rose 59 percent to $2.4 billion; equity-raising on the public markets by quoted renewable energy companies grew 23 per- cent to $15.4 billion; and government-funded research and development increased by 121 percent to $5.3 billion as more “green stimulus” funds arrived in the sector. Only two areas of investment declined over this period. Corporate research, development, and deployment dropped 12 percent to

$3.3 billion as companies retrenched in the face of economic difficulties. Expansion capital provided by private equity funds for renewable energy companies also decreased by 1 percent to $3.1 billion.

For the first time, developing countries overtook industrialized countries in financial new investment (i.e., total investment minus small-scale projects and government and corporate research and development [R&D]). Financial new investment exceeded $72 billion in developing countries and just over

$70 billion in developed countries. This compares to a ratio of nearly four- to-one for equivalent investment in favor of developed countries in 2004. Importantly, developing countries are starting to host the development of a range of new renewable energy technologies for specific, local applica- tions from rice-husk power generation to solar telecommunications towers.

China attracted the most investment in renewable energy for the second year in a row. In 2010, financial new investment rose 28 percent to almost

$49 billion, representing more than a third of global financial new invest- ment. Expenditure in the United States, ranked second, jumped 58 percent in 2010 to just over $25 billion. Developed economies remain well ahead in


1 This includes all biomass, geothermal, and wind generation project of more than 1 megawatt (MW), all hydro projects of 0.5 to 50.0 MW, all solar projects of more than 0.3 MW, all marine energy projects, and all biofuel projects with a capacity of

1 million liters or more per year.

2 Small-scale renewable heat is not included in the overall renewable energy because it delivers energy services but does not generate power.

Renewable energy in 2010


Table: Global trends in renewable energy investment ($ billion)

Category

2004

($ billion)

2008

($ billion)

2009

($ billion)

2010

($ billion)

New investment by value chain





Technology development

Venture capital


0.4


2.9


1.5


2.4

Government R&D

1.1

1.6

2.4

5.3

Corporate R&D

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.3

Equipment manufacturing

Private equity expansion capital

0.3

6.6

3.1

3.1

Public markets

0.4

12.8

12.5

15.4

Projects

Asset finance

18.3

114.7

107.5

127.8

of which re-invested equity

0.0

–4.5

–2.4

–6.0

Small distributed capacity

8.6

21.1

31.2

59.6

Total new financial investment

19

132

122

143

R&D, Small distributed capacity

14

26

37

68

Total

33

159

160

211

Mergers and acquisitions

Private equity buy-outs


0.8


5.5


2.8


0.8

Public markets investor exits

0.0

1.0

2.0

1.3

Coporate mergers and acquisitions

2.4

18.0

21.6

20.2

Project acquisitions and refinancing

5.3

40.7

39.3

35.6

Total

9

65

66

58

Financial new investment by technology

Biofuels


1.6


18.7


6.9


5.5

Biomass and w-t-e

3.7

10.1

11.5

11.0

Geothermal

1.0

1.6

1.4

2.0

Marine

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

Small hydro

1.1

5.8

4.1

3.2

Solar

0.5

33.3

25.3

26.1

Wind

11.3

62.7

72.7

94.7

Total

19

132

122

143

Financial new investment by geography Global

Asia and Oceania


5.6


34.4


45.7


59.3

Europe

9.0

47.6

45.0

35.2

Middle East and Africa

0.3

2.4

2.4

5.0

North America

3.8

32.3

19.7

30.1

South America

0.5

15.7

9.4

13.1

Total

19

132

122

143

Select developing countries

Brazil


0.4


13.2


7.3


6.9

China

1.5

23.9

38.3

48.9

India

1.3

4.1

3.0

3.8

Africa

0.3

1.1

0.7

3.6

Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2011).

Notes: New investment volume adjusts for re-invested equity. Total values include estimates of undisclosed deals. R&D = research and development, w-t-e = waste-to-energy.

Renewable energy in 2010 


investment for small-scale projects and R&D, which are not included in the financial new investment measure. Germany had the highest investment in small-scale projects in 2010 at $34.3 billion (60 percent of the world total).

Wind remains the leading technology, with solar now a close second. Finan- cial new investment in wind energy and investment in small distributed wind capacity reached $95 billion in 2010 (up 30 percent from 2009). The majority of this investment was asset finance ($90 billion). Financial new invest- ment in solar energy and small distributed solar capacity rose 52 percent in 2010 compared to 2009 to reach $86 billion. Small distributed capacity represented 70 percent of this investment.

Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2011).

Urban areas


GHG Emissions


Country


City


Year

Population (thousands)

Total (MtCO2e)

Per capita

Belgium

Brussels

2005

1,007

7.55

7.5

Brazil

Rio de Janeiro

1998

5,633

12.11

2.1


São Paulo

2000

10,434

14.22

1.4

Canada

Calgary

2003

922

..

17.7


Toronto (Metro Area)

2005

5,556

64.22

11.6

China

Beijing

2006

15,810

159

10.1


Shanghai

2006

18,150

211.98

11.7


Tianjin

2006

10,750

119.25

11.1

Czech Republic

Prague

2005

1,182

11.03

9.4

Finland

Helsinki

2005

989

6.94

7.0

France

Paris (Île-de-France)

2005

11,532

59.64

5.2

Germany

Frankfurt

2005

3,778

51.61

13.7


Hamburg

2005

4,260

41.52

9.7


Stuttgart

2005

2,668

42.57

16.0

Greece

Athens

2005

3,989

41.57

10.4

Italy

Bologna (Province)

2005

900

9.97

11.1


Naples (Province)

2005

3,087

12.49

4.0


Turin

2005

2,243

21.86

9.7


Veneto (Province)

2005

4,738

47.29

10.0

Japan

Tokyo

2006

12,678

62.02

4.89

Jordan

Amman

2008

..

..

3.25

Netherlands

Rotterdam

2005

593

17.64

29.8

Norway

Oslo

2005

1,040

3.63

3.5

Portugal

Porto

2005

1,667

12.14

7.3

Slovenia

Ljubljana

2005

500

4.77

9.5

South Africa

Cape Town

2005

3,497

40.43

7.6

Spain

Barcelona

2006

1,606

6.74

4.2


Madrid

2005

5,964

40.98

6.9

Sweden

Stockholm

2005

1,890

6.88

3.6

Switzerland

Geneva

2005

432

3.35

7.8

Thailand

Bangkok

2005

5,659

60.44

10.7

United Kingdom

London (Greater Area)

2003

7,364

70.84

9.6


Glasgow

2004

1,747

15.3

8.8

United States

Austin

2005

672

..

15.57


Denver

2005

580

11.08

21.5


Los Angeles

2000

9,519

124.04

13.0


Minneapolis

2005

388

..

18.34


New York City

2005

8,170

85.87

10.5


Portland, OR

2005

683

..

12.41


Seattle

2005

576

..

13.68

Sources: World Bank, 2010, Kennedy et al., 2009.

Summary of national actions


Renewable energy targets


This table summarizes various renewable energy targets announced by coun- tries. Targets vary significantly with respect to sector coverage, baseline year, methodology, and form, and thus are generally not comparable.

Renewable targets include both voluntary and mandatory targets. Renewable energy targets in italics are expressed as percentages of primary energy; other targets are expressed in terms of final energy. Primary energy typically covers direct use at the supply level before transformation or distribution, while final energy covers energy supplied to consumers.



Renewable energy target

Renewable electricity target

Albania

18% by 2020


Algeria


5% by 2017



20% by 2030

Argentina


40% by 2015

Australia


20% by 2020

Austria

34% by 2020


Bangladesh


5% by 2015



10% by 2020

Belgium

13% by 2020


Botswana

1% by 2016


Brazil


16% by 2020

Bulgaria

16% by 2020


Burundi

2.1% by 2020


Cape Verde


50% by 2020

Chile


8% by 2020

China

15% by 2020

3% by 2020

Cyprus

13% by 2020


Czech Republic

13% by 2020

16–17% by 2030

Denmark

20% by 2011



30% by 2020


Dominican Republic


10% by 2015



25% by 2020

Egypt, Arab Rep.

14% by 2020

20% by 2020

Estonia

25% by 2020

8% by 2015



35% by 2020

Fiji

100% by 2013


Finland

38% by 2020


France

23% by 2020


Gabon

80% by 2020


Germany

18% by 2020

50% by 2030


30% by 2030

65% by 2040


45% by 2040

80% by 2050


60% by 2050


Ghana


10% by 2020

Greece

18% by 2020


Hungary

14.7% by 2020


India


10% by 2012

Indonesia

17% by 2025


Ireland

16% by 2020


Israel

50% by 2020

5% by 2016



7% by 2020

Italy

17% by 2020

26% by 2020

Jamaica

20% by 2030

15% by 2020

Japan

10% by 2020

1.6% by 2014

Jordan

7% by 2015



10% by 2020


Summary of national actions


Renewable energy target

Renewable electricity target

Korea, Rep.

4.3% by 2015



6.1% by 2020



11% by 2030


Kuwait


5% by 2020

Latvia

40% by 2020


Lebanon

12% by 2020


Libya


10% by 2020



30% by 2030

Lithuania

23% by 2020



20% by 2025


Luxembourg

11% by 2020


Madagascar

54% by 2020

75% by 2020

Malawi

7% by 2020


Maldives



Mali

15% by 2020


Malta

10% by 2020


Mauritius

35% by 2025

65% by 2028

Mexico



Moldova

20% by 2020


Mongolia


20–25% by 2020

Morocco

10% by 2012

20% by 2020


8% by 2012


Netherlands

14% by 2020


New Zealand


90% by 2025

Nicaragua


38% by 2011

Niger

10% by 2020


Nigeria


7% by 2025

Pakistan


10% by 2012

Peru



Philippines


40% by 2020

Poland

15% by 2020



14% by 2020


Portugal

31% by 2020

55–60% by 2020

Romania

24% by 2020

35% by 2015



38% by 2020

Russian Federation


2.5% by 2015



4.5% by 2020

Rwanda


90% by 2012

Senegal

15% by 2025


Slovak Republic

14% by 2020


Slovenia

25% by 2020


South Africa


4% by 2013



13% by 2020



14% by 2050

Spain

20% by 2020

40% by 2020

Sri Lanka


10% by 2017



14% by 2022

Sweden

50% by 2020


Switzerland

24% by 2020


Syrian Arab Republic

4.3% by 2011


Thailand

20% by 2022

11% by 2011



14% by 2022

Tonga

100% by 2013

50% by 2012

Tunisia


11% by 2016



25% by 2030

Turkey


30% by 2023

Uganda

61% by 2017


United Kingdom

15% by 2020

10% by 2010/11



15% by 2015/16

Vietnam

5% by 2020

5% by 2020


8% by 2025



11% by 2050


Source: REN21 Secretariat, 2011.

Summary of national actions


Non-Annex-I country GHG emissions reduction goals


This table summarizes GHG emissions reduction goals included by non- Annex-I countries in their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action plans submitted to the UNFCCC. Goals vary significantly with respect to sector coverage, baseline year, methodology, and form, and thus are generally not comparable.


NAMA emissions goal

Antigua and Barbuda GHG emission reduction of 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 Bhutan Efforts to remain GHG neutral

Brazil GHG reduction of 36.1–38.9% below its BAU emissions in 2020

Chile GHG reduction of 20% below its BAU emissions in 2020

China Reduce CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40–45% by 2020 compared to 2005

Colombia 77% of total electric capacity installed will be from renewable sources and 20% of fuel consumption from biofuels by 2020

Costa Rica Long-term effort to enable carbon neutrality

India Reduce CO2 emissions (except agriculture) per unit of GDP by 20–25% by 2020 compared to 2005

Indonesia GHG emissions reduction by 26% by 2020

Israel GHG reduction of 20% below its BAU emissions in 2020 Korea, Rep. GHG emissions reduction by 30% below BAU by 2020 Maldives Long-term transformational effort to achieve carbon neutrality

as a country by 2020

Marshall Islands GHG reduction of 40% below 2009 level

Mexico GHG reduction of 30% below its BAU emissions in 2020 Moldova GHG emissions reduction by 35% compared with the base year

1990, by 2020

Peru Renewable energy represents at least 33% of total energy used and zero net deforestation by 2020

Singapore GHG emissions reduction by 16% below BAU by 2020 South Africa GHG emissions reduction by 34% below BAU by 2020

Sources: UNFCCC, UNEP Risø Centre.

Glossary       


Annex-I emissions reduction target is the Annex-I (A1) country’s target for reducing economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 to the UNFCCC under the Copenhagen Accord. Targets are relative to 1990 emissions unless otherwise specified. Multiple targets indicate that countries have signaled a willingness to accept deeper targets, contingent on commitments by other parties or other conditions. (EU) indicates that the target submitted by the European Union and its member States applies to this country. “n/a” indicates that the country is not an Annex-1 party to the UNFCCC. (UNFCCC on October 21, 2011)

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electric- ity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys, and international sources. (International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2010; data are for 2008/2009)

Access to improved sanitation is the percentage of population with ade- quate access to excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not pub- lic) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Health Organization; data are for 2008)

Access to improved water source is the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as piped water into a dwelling, plot, or yard; public tap or standpipe; tube-well or borehole; protected dug well or spring; or rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include an unprotected dug well or spring, cart with small tank or drum, bottled water, and tanker trucks. Reasonable access to an adequate amount means the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling. (World Health Organization; data are for 2008)

Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as land under temporary crops (double- cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, cof- fee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization)

Agricultural land under irrigation is the area purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. (Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion; data are for 2009)

Glossary


Annual freshwater withdrawals are total water withdrawals, excluding evapo- ration losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is signifi- cant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details, see World Development Indicators 2011, Primary data documentation)

Average annual precipitation is the sum of the rainfall and the assumed water equivalent of the snowfall for the year in the country, averaged over the years 1961–1990. Values are based on gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit (Mitchell et al., 2003).

Average daily min/max temperature are the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1961–90, based on gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit (Mitchell et al., 2003).

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement and include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center; latest data are for 2008)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2008)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per units of GDP are carbon dioxide emis- sions in kilograms per $1,000 of GDP in 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center and World Bank; data are for 2008)

Certified Emission Reductions—see Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

Cereal yield is measured in kilograms per hectare of harvested land and includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals refer to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage, and those used for grazing, are excluded. The FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took place. But most of a crop harvested near the end of a year will be used in the following year. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2009)

Child malnutrition, underweight is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0–59 months. The data are based on the World Health Organization’s child growth standards

Glossary       


released in 2006. (World Health Organization; data are for the most recent year available)

Disaster risk reduction progress score is an average of self-assessment scores, ranging from 1 to 5, submitted by countries under Priority 1 of the Hyogo Framework National Progress Reports. The Hyogo Framework is a global blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts that was adopted by 168 countries in 2005. Assessments of “Priority 1” include four indicators that reflect the degree to which countries have prioritized disaster risk reduction and the strengthening of relevant institutions (UNISDR, 2009–11 Progress Reports, http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo).

Droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures is the annual average per- centage of the population that is affected by natural disasters classified as either droughts, floods, or extreme temperature events. A drought is an extended period of time characterized by a deficiency in a region’s water supply that is the result of constantly below average precipitation. A drought can lead to losses to agriculture, affect inland navigation and hydropower plants, and cause a lack of drinking water and famine. A flood is a significant rise of water level in a stream, lake, reservoir, or coastal region. Extreme temperature events are either cold waves or heat waves. A cold wave can be both a prolonged period of excessively cold weather and the sudden invasion of very cold air over a large area. Along with frost, it can cause damage to agriculture, infrastructure, and property. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot and sometimes also humid weather relative to normal climate patterns of a certain region. Population affected is the number of people injured, left homeless, or requiring immediate assistance during a period of emergency resulting from a natural disaster; it can also include displaced or evacuated people. Average percentage of population affected is calculated by dividing the sum of total affected for the period stated by the sum of the annual population figures for the period stated. (EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database—http://www.emdat.be, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels [Belgium], World Bank)


Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 183, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regula- tory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank’s Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. (World Bank; data are for October 2011)

Emission Reduction Units—see Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from Joint Implementation (JI).

Energy use per capita refers to use of primary energy before transforma- tion to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2009)

Glossary


Energy use per units of GDP is the kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use per $1,000 of GDP in 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end- use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States. (International Energy Agency, World Bank PPP data; data are for 2009)

Foreign direct investment, net inflows is investments to acquire a lasting management interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. They are the sum of inflows of equity capital, reinvest- ment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. Net inflows refer to new investments made during the reporting period netted against disinvestments. (World Bank and International Monetary Fund; data are for 2010)

GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2010)

GHG stands for greenhouse gas, a classification of gases that absorb infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, meth- ane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are all considered greenhouse gases.

GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, and so forth; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and

(4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally consid- ered comparable across countries (UNFCCC).

Glossary       


GNI per capita is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in interna- tional transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank; data are for 2010)


Health workers include physicians, nurses, and midwives. Physicians include generalist and specialist medical practitioners. Nurses and midwives include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary mid- wives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives, and other associated personnel, such as dental nurses and primary care nurses. (World Health Organization, Global Atlas of the Health Workforce; data are for 2009 or the most recent year available)

Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects refers to the num- ber of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects registered within the (host) country by the CDM Executive Board. One of the flexibility mechanisms set forth under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is designed to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable develop- ment by allowing entities from Annex I Parties to participate in low-emission project activities and obtain Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) in return. (UNEP Risø Centre: as of October 1, 2011)

Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects refers to the number of deter- mined Joint Implementation (JI) projects within the (host) country. Joint Implementation is one of the flexibility mechanisms set forth under the Kyoto Protocol whereby entities from Annex I Parties may participate in low-emission project activities in Annex I countries and obtain Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) in return. (UNEP Risø Centre: as of October 1, 2011)

Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infra- structure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, green- field projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. Investment in the four sectors are summed by year. The total value shown may not contain data for all sectors. (World Bank; data are for 2010)

Glossary


Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM refers to the num- ber of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) issued to Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects within the (host) country. One CER represents a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. (UNEP Risø Centre: as of October 1, 2011)

Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI refers to the number of Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) issued to Joint Implementation (JI) projects within the (host) country. One ERU represents a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent. (UNEP Risø Centre: as of October 1, 2011)

Land area below 5m is the percentage of total land where the elevation is 5 meters or less. (CIESIN, Place II dataset; data are for 2000)

Latest UNFCCC national communication is the date of the country’s most recent National Communication submission under the UNFCCC. The paren- thetical number indicates the number of reports submitted by the country. “n/a” indicates that the country is not a party to the UNFCCC. (UNFCCC: as of October 21, 2011)

LUCF stands for Land Use Change and Forestry.


Malaria incidence rate is the number of new cases of malaria per 100,000 people each year. The number of cases reported is adjusted to take into account incompleteness in reporting systems, patients seeking treatment in the private sector, self-medicating or not seeking treatment at all, and potential over-diagnosis through the lack of laboratory confirmation of cases. (World Health Organization, data are for 2008)

Methane (CH4) emissions are emissions from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005)

NAMA submission indicates whether a non-Annex I country has submitted Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to the UNFCCC. “Yes, with Goal” indicates the country included a GHG emissions reduction goal as part of its NAMA. See “Summary of National Actions” for details. “n/a” indicates countries that are not non-Annex I parties to the UNFCCC. (UNFCCC, UNEP Risø Centre: as of September 13, 2011)

NAPA submission indicates whether a country has submitted a National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) under the UNFCCC. NAPAs are part of an effort under the UNFCCC to address the urgent adaptation needs of Least Developed Countries. “n/a” indicates countries that are not consid- ered to be Least Developed Countries. (UNFCCC)

National terrestrial protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares that are designated by national authorities as scien- tific reserves with limited public access, national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries, and protected landscapes. Marine

Glossary       


areas, unclassified areas, littoral (intertidal) areas, and sites protected under local or provincial law are excluded. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre; data are for the most recent year available)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burn- ing, industrial activities, and livestock management. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005)

Other GHG emissions are byproduct emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (byproduct emissions of fluoroform from chlorodifluoromethane manufacture and use of hydrofluorocarbons), perfluorocarbons (byproduct emissions of tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane from primary aluminum production and use of perfluorocarbons, in particular for semiconductor manufacturing), and sulfur hexafluoride (various sources, the largest being the use and manufacture of gas insulated switchgear used in electricity distribution net- works). (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005)

Paved roads are roads surfaced with crushed stone (macadam) and hydro- carbon binder or bituminized agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones. (International Road Federation and World Bank estimates; data are for the most recent year available)

Population includes all residents who are present regardless of legal status or citizenship except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Values are midyear estimates. (World Bank; data are for 2010)

Population growth is the exponential change for the period indicated. (World Bank)

Population living below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.25 a day at 2005 international prices. (World Bank; data are for the most recent year available)

Population below 5m is the percentage of the total population living in areas where the elevation is 5 meters or less. (CIESIN, Place II dataset; data are for 2000)

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million is the percent- age of a country’s population living in metropolitan areas that in 2009 had a population of more than 1 million. (United Nations; data are for 2010)

Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] Institute for Statistics; data are for 2009)

Projected annual precipitation change is the projected change in annual precipitation in the years 2045–65, relative to the control period 1961–

Glossary


2000. The range reflects the 10th and 90th percentiles of results from nine general circulation models (GCMs), employing the A2 storyline and scenario family. Values are then calculated at the country level from 2-degree gridded data. (Modified from Meehl et al., 2007)

Projected annual temperature change is the projected change in annual temperature in the years 2045–65, relative to the control period 1961– 2000. The range reflects the 10th and 90th percentiles of results from nine general circulation models (GCMs) at a standardized 2-degree grid, employing the A2 storyline and scenario family. Values are aggregated at the country level. (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report)

Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights are the projected changes in the annual incidence of “cool days” and “cold nights” in the years 2045– 65, relative to the control period 1961–2000. Cool days and cold nights are those that fall below the 10th percentile of maximum temperature and the 10th percentile of minimum temperatures, respectively, in the control period. These indicators are useful to understand potentially critical thresholds related to cold stress and frequency of frost in different sectors such as agriculture and energy. The range reflects the 10th and 90th percentiles of results from nine general circulation models (GCMs), employing the A2 storyline and scenario family. Values are then calculated at the country level from 2-degree gridded data. (Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, 2009, calculated from Meehl et al., 2007)

Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights are the projected changes in the annual incidence of “hot days” and “warm nights” in the years 2045–65, relative to the control period 1961–2000. Hot days and warm nights are those that exceed the 90th percentile of maximum temperatures and those that exceeded the 90th percentile in minimum temperatures, respectively, in the control period. These indicators are useful to understand potentially critical thresholds related to heat stress in different sectors such as agriculture and energy. The range reflects the 10th and 90th percentiles of results from nine general circulation models (GCMs), employing the A2 storyline and scenario family. Values are then calculated at the country level from 2-degree gridded data. (Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, 2009, calculated from Meehl et al., 2007)


Public sector management & institutions average. The Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) assesses the quality of a country’s present policy and institutional framework. “Quality” refers to how conducive that framework is to fostering poverty reduction, sustainable growth, and the effective use of development assistance. The CPIA ratings are used in the International Development Association (IDA) allocation process and several other corporate activities. The public sector management and institutions cluster includes property rights and rule-based governance, quality of bud- getary and financial management, efficiency of revenue mobilization, quality of public administration, and transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector. (World Bank; data are for 2010)

Glossary       


Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school is the ratio of female to male gross enrollment in primary and secondary school. (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] Institute for Statistics; data are for 2009/2010)

Renewable energy target indicates whether a country has announced one or more targets for renewable energy production, either as a percentage of electricity production, primary energy or final energy. See “Summary of National Actions” for details. (REN21 Secretariat, 2011)

Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; data are for 2010, 2011)

UNFCCC stands for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the primary forum for international efforts to address climate change.

Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country.

Urban population growth is the exponential change for the period indicated. (United Nations)

References      


Kennedy, C., A. Ramaswami, S. Dhakal, and S. Carney. 2009. “Greenhouse Gas Emission Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions.” Confer- ence Paper, 5th Urban Research Symposium, “Cities and Climate Change— Responding to an Urgent Agenda.” Marseille, France, June 28–29.

Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J. F. B. Mitchell,

R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor. 2007. “The WCRP CMIP3 Multi-Model Data- set: A New Era in Climate Change Research.” Bulletin of the American Meteo- rological Society 88: 1383–94.

Mitchell, T. D., T. R. Carter, P. D. Jones, M. Hulme, M. New. 2003. “A Compre- hensive Set of High-Resolution Grids of Monthly Climate for Europe and the Globe: the Observed Record (1901–2000) and 16 Scenarios (2001–2100).” Journal of Climate: submitted.

REN21 Secretariat. 2011. Renewables 2011 Global Status Report. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.

UN (United Nations) Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. 2011. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2011. New York: United Nations Children's Fund.

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 2011. Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2011; Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy. New York: UNEP.

World Bank. 2010. Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

———. 2011. World Development Indicators 2011. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.



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