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From World Development Indicators
The Little Data Book on
losure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Climate Change
Climate |
Exposure to impacts |
Resilience |
GHG emissions and energy use |
National-level actions |
Carbon markets |
2011
THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Copyright ©2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433
U.S.A.
All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing November 2011
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8959-1
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8964-5 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8959-1
SKU: 18959
The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency, the Environment Department, and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Group of the World Bank.
Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C.
Contents
Latin America and the Caribbean 5
Middle East and North Africa 6
Income and other group tables 9
Small island developing states 17
Country tables (in alphabetical order) 18
Summary of national actions: Renewable energy targets and
non-Annex-I country GHG emissions reduction goals 241
The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is based on the World Develop- ment Indicators database. Defining, gathering, and disseminating international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations. The indicators presented in these resources are results of decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties of the national and interna- tional statistical agencies that develop the nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international statistical system. Non- governmental organizations have also made important contributions. We are indebted to many external partners as detailed in World Development Indicators 2011 who have provided substantial help, guidance, and data.
The Little Data Book on Climate Change 2011 is the result of close collabora- tion between the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency (DECDG), the Environment Department of the Sustainable Development Vice Presidency (ENV), and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). Timothy Herzog coordinated the production of the book with substantial contributions from Philippe Ambrosi, Ana Bucher, and Fernanda Zermoglio from ENV, Milen Dyoulgerov and Ian Noble from GFDRR, and William Prince from DECDG. Additional support was provided by Azita Amjadi, Federico Escaler, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Neil Fantom, Tariq Khokhar, Alison Kwong, and Sup Lee, from DECDG; Sameer Akbar, Jane Ebinger, Fernando Loayza, Elisabeth Mealey, Kiran Pandey, Kanta Kumari Rigaud, and Sari Soderstrom from ENV; Daniel Hoornweg and Marcus Lee from Financial Solutions Group; Roshin Joseph, and Ayaz Parvez from GFDRR; Richard Damania from the Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LAC); and Gabriela Elizondo Azuela from the Sustainable Energy Department (SEGEN). The book’s design is done by Jomo Tariku and is based on an original design by Communications Development Incorporated. Staff from External Affairs consisting of Stephen McGroarty, Dina Towbin, and Nora Ridolfi oversaw publication and distribution of the book. The book was prepared under supervision of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group; Mary Barton-Dock, director of Environment; and Andrew Steer, Special Envoy for Climate Change.
When President Robert Zoellick launched the World Bank’s Open Data Initiative in April 2010, he said its purpose was to “open the treasure chest of the World Bank’s data and knowledge to every village, to everyone everywhere.” This small book and the much bigger open database behind it are part of this same goal.
Solving the problem of climate change requires that our behavior changes. Whether this happens depends on our understanding, which, in turn, depends upon our knowledge of facts and their implications. Access to freely available climate and climate-related data is essential to catalyze the changes in policies, investments, and technologies that will be needed if we are to move toward a climate-smart future.
The Little Data Book on Climate Change includes a diverse set of indi- cators selected from the global economic and scientific communities. These indicators recognize the intrinsic relationship between climate change and development and attempt to synthesize important aspects of current and projected climate conditions, exposure to climate impacts, resilience, greenhouse gas emissions, and the current state of efforts to take action. While these indicators are from standard sources and represent professional consensus, many are subject to considerable uncertainties, and the usual care must be taken in their interpretation.
The Little Data Book on Climate Change draws upon several online resources, including the Open Data website,1 the Climate Change Knowledge Portal,2 and the Open Data for Resilience initiative.3 These resources from the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) provide free and open access to data and information relevant to climate risk, climate change, and development at the international, national and subnational levels. These resources contain many more indicators than are available in the limited space of this book and include interactive tools, visualizations on the use and interpretation of the data. In addition, there are other tools that will help users and programmers access World Bank data and develop applications.
We invite you to visit the online companions to the Little Data Book on Climate Change. In the coming months, we will continue to add to the datasets. We welcome suggestions on how we can improve these resources for everyone.
Shaida Badiee Andrew Steer
Director Special Envoy for Climate Change Development Data Group World Bank Group
2 http://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/
3 http://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/opendri/
The indicators in the Little Data Book on Climate Change are organized into the following categories, each of which relates to climate change, development, and the intrinsic relationship between the two. For additional information, refer to the definitions of each indicator in the Glossary.
The data in this book are for the most recent year available. Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. No aggregate is calculated if missing data exceed specific thresholds by indicator. See Statistical methods in World Development Indicators 2011 for more information.
Symbols used:
0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number rounds to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.
.. indicates that data are not available.
n/a or blank indicates not applicable, or for an aggregate, not analytically meaningful.
$ indicates current U.S. dollars.
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. This publication also includes three additional economies: Cook Islands, Nauru, and Niue. The word country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
The cutoff date for data was October 21, 2011.
The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage.
American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nuie, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam.
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicara- gua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen.
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Population (millions) | 6,840.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 63,044.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,116 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
1.8
6.6
20
2.1
8.8
..
.. 12.5
58
21.4
4,601
61
87
3,566
74.1
49.1
4.4
2.1
..
88
96
4.6
485.4
30,649
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7,136 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2,853 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 724 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,803 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 182.9 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 1,961.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 7,579.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,683 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
2.5
10.3
.. 3.3
10.8
.. 16.8
14.9
24
9.0
525
59
88
4,860
90.8
15.9
2.8
3.0
14,638
97
103
4.3
827.1
8,259
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,928 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 707 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,436 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 259.5 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 405.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 3,055.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,269 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2.5
3.0
18
0.3
6.5
.. 3.7
7.5
23
..
..
89
95
2,475
.. 85.8
9.9
2.8
22,652
95
97
7.7
708.0
3,110
937
214
76
2,833
276.8
Population (millions) | 582.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 4,969.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,741 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Exposure to Impacts Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.5 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.8 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 35 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.0 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 8.1 |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 20.8 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 23 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.8 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 206 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 79 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 93 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,337 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 93.4 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 28.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.9 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 33,064 102 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.8 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 285.6 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1,584 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1,009
442
21
1,245
130.6
Population (millions) | 331.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,068.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,903 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1.4
9.7
20
2.5
121.9
.. 3.6
4.0
34
6.8
..
84
87
2,512
92.9
74.3
3.6
2.9
5,854
88
93
3.8
604.6
1,230
287
74
7
1,399
213.9
Population (millions) | 1,579.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 2,088.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,222 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Exposure to Impacts Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.5 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.4 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 13 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 50.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 40.3 |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.1 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 67 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 42.5 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,127 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 36 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 87 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,728 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 62.1 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 58.9 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.3 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 73,548 86 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 92 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 504.6 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1,970 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
846
268
9
532
193.5
Population (millions) | 853.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,097.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,176 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Exposure to Impacts | |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.4 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.0 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.2 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 50.9 |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.7 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 121 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 24.6 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 26,113 |
Resilience | |
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 31 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 60 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,297 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 32.5 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 18.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.2 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.6 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 11,957 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 67 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 89 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.8 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 428.6 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 685 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 590 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 334 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 689 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 308.4 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Income & other group tables
For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book on Climate Change is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.
Note: Classifications are fixed during the World Bank’s fiscal year (ending on June 30). Thus, countries remain in the categories in which they are classified irrespective of any revisions to their per capita income data.
Population (millions) | 796.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 413.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 523 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
0.7
5.1
11
3.7
3.7
..
.. 10.6
108
28.3
16,659
35
63
2,047
23.0
14.1
0.7
3.2
4,471
65
91
0.3
270.2
219
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 4,917.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 19,561.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,763 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
1.8
6.5
18
2.5
9.1
..
.. 12.5
51
20.9
2,574
56
88
3,256
81.6
45.0
3.5
2.6
138,442
92
97
3.5
622.9
16,604
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5,160 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,830 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 261 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,268 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 224.6 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 2,465.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 4,312.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,660 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1.7
6.5
14
2.8
18.7
..
.. 9.5
69
31.7
4,874
45
84
2,754
67.3
29.3
2.6
2.4
81,789
88
93
1.6
523.9
3,744
1,705
687
17
680
217.9
Population (millions) | 2,452.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 15,246.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,876 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
1.8
6.5
22
2.3
5.6
..
.. 13.6
20
4.1
80
68
92
3,690
98.0
50.5
4.5
2.7
26,166
98
103
5.3
659.4
12,860
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 5,713.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 19,997.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,315 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Exposure to Impacts | |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.6 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.3 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 8.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 25.2 |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 12.2 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 63 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 22.5 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 4,665 |
Resilience | |
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 54 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,065 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 73.7 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.1 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 144,800 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 87 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.0 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 612.5 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 16,822 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5,597 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2,040 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 264 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,173 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 226.1 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 1,127.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 43,019.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 38,517 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
2.2
7.7
.. 1.0
10.4
..
.. 13.4
6
..
..
100
100
5,445
.. 87.3
10.7
1.8
..
97
100
11.9
354.4
13,285
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,539 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 813 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 460 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,944 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 147.0 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | |
NAMA submission | |
NAPA submission | |
Renewable energy target | |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) |
Population (millions) | 331.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 12,174.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 38,571 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3.6
8.5
18
0.6
21.5
..
.. 15.5
4
..
..
100
100
5,817
.. 91.8
11.3
2.7
..
101
99
8.0
260.0
2,633
318
219
84
3,642
122.2
Population (millions) | 63.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 575.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 8,226 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total)
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010)
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total)
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) Cereal yield (kg. per hectare)
Access to electricity (% of total population) Paved roads (% of total roads)
Health workers (per 1,000 people)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best)
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5.4
9.8
.. 2.0
1.4
..
.. 6.7
69
9.7
..
67
80
1,922
81.4
49.9
.. 12.2
186
..
..
3.7
351.5
230
33
12
.. 1,416
143.0
Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
GNI, GDP, and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP and population data exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009.
GNI, GDP and population data and data calculated using GNI, GDP population data exclude Transnistria.
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data include Former Spanish Sahara.
Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on October 10, 2010. Curaçao and Sint Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands.
The Republic of South Sudan became an independent state on July 9, 2011. Data reported for Sudan include South Sudan.
GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP data refer to mainland Tanzania only.
For more information, see World Development Indicators 2011 or http:// data.worldbank.org/.
Afghanistan
Population (millions) | 34.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.8 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 290 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 20 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 3.6 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 327 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –58 to 13 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||||
Country South | Low | ||||
data Asia | income | ||||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | 13 | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.5 | 2.7 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 42.0 | 50.6 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.8 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 40.3 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.4 | 6.1 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 149 | 67 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 32.9 | 42.5 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 2,428 | 1,127 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 37 | 36 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 48 | 87 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,031 | 2,728 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 15.6 | 62.1 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 29.3 | 58.9 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.6 | 1.3 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 60 | 73,548 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 160 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.4 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 39 | 86 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 62 | 92 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 28.5 | 504.6 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.8 | 1,970 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 846 436
.. 268 209
.. 9 ..
.. 532 365
.. 193.5 303.9
..
n/a Yes Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Albania
Population (millions) | 3.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.8 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,960 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 17 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.9 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 996 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –147 to –44 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 /–1 | ||||
Europe & | Upper | ||||
Country | Central | middle | |||
data | Asia | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 5.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 8.2 | 3.0 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 5.3 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.8 | 6.5 | 5.6 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 16.8 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.8 | 7.5 | 13.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 18 | 23 | 20 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.6 | .. | 4.1 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 89 | 68 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 95 | 92 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,315 | 2,475 | 3,690 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 39.0 | 85.8 | 50.5 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.2 | 9.9 | 4.5 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 9.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 137 | 22,652 | 26,166 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 82 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 90 | 95 | 98 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 97 | 103 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.3 | 7.7 | 5.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 181.8 | 708.0 | 659.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 4.2 | 3,110 | 12,860 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 1.5 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.4 | 937 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.0 | 214 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 76 | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 538 | 2,833 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 72.3 | 276.8 | 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/23/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
1
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 35.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 159.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,450 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.4 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 89 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –39 to 4 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 8 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Algeria
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.5 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 8 | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 54.6 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.1 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 6.8 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.3 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 36 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.7 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 83 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,654 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.3 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 73.5 | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 237 | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 148 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 91 | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.2 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 438.8 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 111.3 -7.9 54.2 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.9 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,138 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 153.5 | 213.9 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/25/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
..
..
n/a n/a
American Samoa
Population (thousands) | 68.4 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
..
to 1.6
.. –40 to 237
16 / 25
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 17.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.9 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.3 | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 80 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. .. | 14,638 97 | 26,166 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 8,259 | 12,860 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 1,928 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 707 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. .. | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 1,436 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 259.5 | 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | n/a | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | n/a | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | n/a | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (thousands) | 84.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 41,750 |
Andorra
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 3 / 12 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.8 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 973 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –113 to –22 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 7 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.0 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.9 | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 101 | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.5 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.5 | 13,285 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 19.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 84.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,940 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,010 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –89 to 75 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 20 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Angola
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 25 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.3 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.4 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 54.3 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 12.4 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 161 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 27.5 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 21,593 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 57 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 50 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 588 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 26.2 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 10.4 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 11.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 534 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 172 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 245.3 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 24.4 .. 45.4 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 38.9 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 641 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 116.9 | 308.4 | 217.9 | |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | .. | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Antigua and Barbuda
Population (thousands) | 88.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 10,590 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
23 / 30
to 1.7
2,420
–104 to 37
13 / 23
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 32.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 32.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.0 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 91 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,737 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 33.0 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 6 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 57 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.1 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 274.0 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 -0.1 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,699 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 89.6 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/10/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Argentina
Population (millions) | 40.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 368.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 8,500 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
8 / 21
to 2.1
591
–57 to 52
3 / 7
–1 / –1
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.5 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 39 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 11.8 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.1 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.4 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 14 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 90 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,167 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 97.2 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 30.0 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.2 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,283 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 113 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 105 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 105 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 364.9 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 192.4 -43.3 101.8 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 49.8 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.8 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,853 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 139.6 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/7/2008 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
24
7,697
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 3.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,090 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 1 / 13 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 562 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –75 to –7 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Armenia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 36 | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -1.0 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 41.2 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 8.9 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 8.0 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 20 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.2 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 90 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 96 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,230 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 90.5 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.6 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 98 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 55 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 98 | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.8 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 320.9 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.5 .. 3.0 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 843 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 175.5 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/7/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a
..
5
12
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 107.5 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 2.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –121 to 24 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 14 / 27 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 29.6 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 29.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 21.7 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.3 | 13,285 | ||
Aruba
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Australia
Population (millions) | 22.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 924.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 43,590 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 28 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.4 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 535 –67 to 54 4 / 9 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 58 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.9 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.5 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,764 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 12.6 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.9 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.0 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 15 .. .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 18.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 539.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 399.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) 54.0 126.5 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 63.0 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,636 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 174.9 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2000) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/12/2010 (5th)
5% / 25%
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Austria
Population (millions) | 8.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 376.2 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 46,690 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 10 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,110 –70 to 27 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 20 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.5 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.9 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,133 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | -7.1 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 32 .. 97 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.1 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 224.4 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 67.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -17.5 8.5 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.4 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.3 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,944 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 111.8 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/16/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 9.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 51.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,080 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 7 / 17 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 447 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –58 to 3 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Azerbaijan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 20.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 29.8 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 22 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 150.5 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 29.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.1 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 46 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 8.4 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1 | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 45 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 80 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,607 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 50.6 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 12.2 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 124 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 66 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.4 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 670.4 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 47.1 –1.1 36.6 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.6 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,338 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 155.7 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/7/2011 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
1
0
n/a n/a
Bahamas, The
Population (thousands) | 342.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 7.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 20,610 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,292 –96 to 74 10 / 16 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 72.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 46.5 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.7 .. .. | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,196 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 57.4 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 11.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 85 .. 95 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 263.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. .. | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,156 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
85.6 147.0
11/5/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
0
n/a n/a
Bahrain
Population (millions) | 1.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 20.6 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 4.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 18,730 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 34 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 83 –19 to 4 5 / 9 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 39.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 66.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.7 .. 6,375.0 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.3 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 10 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.4 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 81.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 38 .. 101 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 21.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 899.2 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 22.5 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 2.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 8,096 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 369.8 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/20/2005 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Bangladesh
Population (millions) | 148.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 100.1 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 700 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.4 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,665 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –126 to 120 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 12 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||||
Country South | Low | ||||
data Asia | income | ||||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 14.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 | 13 | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | 2.7 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 4.6 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 50.6 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 52.6 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 49.6 | 40.3 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.6 | 6.1 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 48 | 67 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 41.3 | 42.5 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,510 | 1,127 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 53 | 36 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 80 | 87 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,140 | 2,728 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 41.0 | 62.1 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 9.5 | 58.9 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 617 | 73,548 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.0 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 122 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 61 | 86 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 108 | 92 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 235.8 | 504.6 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 46.5 | 1,970 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 7.8 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 92.4 | 846 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.4 | 268 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 9 | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 201 | 532 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 141.9 | 193.5 | 303.9 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/12/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
2
0
n/a n/a
Barbados
Population (thousands) | 273.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.2 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 12,660 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 2,066 –154 to 14 14 / 24 –3 / –3 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 15.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 15.7 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.4 .. 76.1 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 20 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,640 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 4.0 .. .. .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.0 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 267.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.4 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1997, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) 0.0 .. | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,476 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
79.4 147.0
10/30/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 9.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 54.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,130 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 10 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 618 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 8 to 70 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 2 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Belarus
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 20 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 11.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.3 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.3 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 93 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,374 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 88.6 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.1 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,045 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 69 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.5 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 556.9 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 62.8 –30.0 11.5 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 11.7 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,815 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 236.8 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/3/2010 (5th)
5% to 10%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Belgium
Population (millions) | 10.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 467.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 45,360 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 14 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 2.4 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 847 –64 to 29 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 9.2 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.9 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 9,711 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 78.2 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.3 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 13.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 28 .. 87 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.8 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 291.8 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 104.9 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –1.6 10.1 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,221 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 159.1 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/10/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Belize
Population (thousands) | 344.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,740 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
21 / 30
to 2.6
2,191
–189 to 16
8 / 21
–1 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 9.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 15.8 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.9 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 12.4 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 27.9 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 17 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.9 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 210 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 90 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,972 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 17.0 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.8 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 22 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 93 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 106 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 212.0 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 –4.0 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 571 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 92.1 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/16/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 8.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 6.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 780 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 33 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.5 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,039 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –207 to 97 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 19 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Benin
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.1 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.9 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 47.3 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 23.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 115 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.2 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 35,555 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 12 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 75 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,424 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 24.8 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 9.5 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 394 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 175 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 62 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 73 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 345.0 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.1 –47.5 4.1 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.9 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 404 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 284.0 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/21/2002 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 64.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 17 / 26 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,506 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –97 to 60 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 9 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 82.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 82.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.6 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.6 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 109 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.1 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.4 | 13,285 | ||
Bermuda
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Bhutan
Population (thousands) | 725.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,880 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
1 / 14
1.9 to 3.0
1,667
–112 to 298
3 / 9
–2 /–2
Country South | Lower middle | ||
data Asia | income | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 13 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 50.6 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 6.8 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 26.2 | 40.3 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 28.3 | 6.1 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 56 | 67 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 12.0 | 42.5 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 100 | 1,127 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 65 | 36 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 92 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,159 | 2,728 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 62.1 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 62.0 | 58.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.7 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 201 | 73,548 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 142 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 88 | 86 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 92 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 242.4 | 504.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 –3.5 .. | 1,970 846 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 268 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 9 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 354 | 532 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 84.4 | 193.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 11/13/200 | 0 (1st) | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a Yes, with Goal
Yes
..
2
0
n/a n/a
Bolivia
Population (millions) | 9.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 19.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,810 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
15 / 28
2.1 to 3.0
1,146
–91 to 137
5 / 17
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 33 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 13.6 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.2 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 54 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.5 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 365 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 25 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 86 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,089 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 77.5 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 7.0 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.4 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 37 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 153 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 99 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 319.8 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 12.8 48.0 30.3 | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 15.1 | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 638 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 150.2 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/2/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
4
1,118
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 3.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 16.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | -0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,790 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 15 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,028 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –116 to -7 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.1 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.6 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.6 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,539 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 52.3 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.1 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 125 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 125 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.3 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,108.3 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 31.3 -7.4 2.7 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,580 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 217.7 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/26/2010 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 2.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 14.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,790 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.5 to 3.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 416 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –106 to 24 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 13 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / -2 | ||
Botswana
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.8 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 8.1 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 31.2 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 30.9 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 48 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 10.7 | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 587 | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 60 | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 569 | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 45.4 | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 32.6 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.2 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 59 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 54 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.5 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 197.3 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.8 –38.7 4.5 | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.1 | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,034 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 87.8 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/22/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
..
..
n/a n/a
Brazil
Population (millions) | 194.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 2,087.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,390 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 30
1.9 to 2.6
1,782
–95 to 136
6 / 20
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.9 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 41 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.1 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 3.8 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 28.0 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.2 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 210 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 80 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,533 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.3 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 5.5 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.2 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 16,733 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 126 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 106 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.1 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 214.2 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 393.2 1,329.1 492.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 236.0 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 11.8 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,243 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 131.7 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
196
57,990
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 398.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 10.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 31,800 |
Brunei Darussalam
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 23 / 31 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.9 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,722 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –185 to 111 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 15 / 27 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.3 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.2 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.1 | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 42.9 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,291 | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.7 | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 77.2 | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.3 | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.0 | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 83 | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 104 | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 27.5 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 588.2 | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.6 .. 5.8 | 13,285 1,539 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 813 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 460 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 7,971 | 4,944 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 176.5 147.0 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 7.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 47.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,250 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 16 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 608 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 127 to -21 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Bulgaria
–
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.5 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 16 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -0.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 24.2 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.4 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.1 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 13 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.6 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,413 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 98.4 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.4 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 488 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 59 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 94 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.6 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 552.2 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 50.5 –11.8 10.9 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.2 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,305 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 202.1 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/12/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 28
2,556
Population (millions) | 16.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 8.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 550 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 2.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 748 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –229 to 88 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 17 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Burkina Faso
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 12 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 7.9 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 56.5 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.9 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 176 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 26.0 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 45,322 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 11 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 76 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,002 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 14.6 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 4.2 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 299 .. 150 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 47 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 88 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 113.1 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.9 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –1.4 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 5/16/2002 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 8.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 170 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 26 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,218 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –21 to 206 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 26 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Burundi
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 81.3 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 142 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 38.9 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 48,475 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 46 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 72 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,319 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 10.4 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 6 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 169 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.6 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 52 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 93 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 62.9 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.2 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
–15.3
.. 590 436
.. 334 209
.. .. ..
.. 689 365
.. 308.4 303.9
6/28/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 14.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 760 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.6 to 2.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,903 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –109 to 95 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 18 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Cambodia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.8 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.6 | 10.3 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | .. | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.9 | 3.3 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 6.6 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.8 | 10.8 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 28.3 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 24.0 | 14.9 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 51 | 24 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 28.8 | 9.0 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,798 | 525 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 29 | 59 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 61 | 88 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,947 | 4,860 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 24.0 | 90.8 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 6.3 | 15.9 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.0 | 2.8 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,775 | 14,638 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 138 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 79 | 97 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 90 | 103 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 4.3 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 175.4 | 827.1 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.6 –17.9 20.2 | 8,259 1,928 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.8 | 707 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 371 | 1,436 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 201.3 | 259.5 | 303.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/8/2002 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
5
11
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 19.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 22.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,180 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,604 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –71 to 115 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 22 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Cameroon
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.3 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 20 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.4 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 9.6 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.2 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 136 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.6 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 27,818 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 47 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 74 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,524 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 48.7 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 8.4 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –0.0 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 575 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 161 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 73 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 86 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 138.4 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.3 22.2 18.5 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 9.1 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 361 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 177.0 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 1/31/20 | 05 (1st) |
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a Yes n/a
..
2
0
n/a n/a
Canada
Population (millions) | 34.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,574.1 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 41,950 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | -10 / -1 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.6 to 3.5 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 537 17 to 88 2 / 4 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | -2 / -2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 44 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 8.0 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,301 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 39.9 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 12.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.5 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.3 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 13 .. 96 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 16.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 455.0 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 544.1 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -12.1 89.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 40.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.9 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 7,486 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 212.4 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2005) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/3/2010 (5th)
17%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (thousands) | 496.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,270 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 424 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –32 to 12 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 15 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Cape Verde
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 14.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 13.8 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.4 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.8 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 21.0 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.5 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 36 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 23 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 54 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 84 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 224 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 69.0 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 16 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 119 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 87 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 189.7 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 –0.1 .. | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 213 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 67.4 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 1 | 1/13/2000 (1st) | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 56.2 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –122 to 39 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 11 / 18 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 60.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 59.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.8 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 8.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 84 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.1 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.6 | 13,285 | ||
Cayman Islands
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 4.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 2.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 470 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 32 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,343 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –73 to 100 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 23 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Central African Republic
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.0 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 62.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.7 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 159 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 21.8 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 35,786 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 34 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 67 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 948 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 10 .. 182 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.5 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 40 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 69 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 87.8 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.3 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
–139.3
.. 590 436
.. 334 209
.. .. ..
.. 689 365
.. 308.4 303.9
6/10/2003 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 11.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 7.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 620 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 2.6 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 322 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –79 to 41 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 14 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Chad
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 61.9 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 173 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 33.9 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 39,508 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 9 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 50 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 880 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 0.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 10.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 345 .. 183 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 33 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 64 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 36.8 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.5 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1993, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
–46.2
.. 590 436
.. 334 209
.. .. ..
.. 689 365
.. 308.4 303.9
10/29/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Channel Islands
Population (thousands) | 153.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 67,960 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | .. | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | .. | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | .. | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | .. | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a
Chile
Population (millions) | 17.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 203.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,950 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
4 / 13
to 1.9
716
–118 to 24
4 / 7
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.6 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 35 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 5.6 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 16.5 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 9 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 0.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 96 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,472 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.5 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 20.2 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.3 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,266 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 39 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.4 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 325.0 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 73.1 –9.2 18.1 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.1 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,826 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 134.3 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/8/2000 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
51
7,307
n/a n/a
China
Population (millions) 1,338.3 GDP ($ billions) 5,878.6
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 0.8 GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,260 | ||
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 1 / 13 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 2.1 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 627 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) – | 37 to 86 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||
East | Upper | ||
Country | Asia & | middle | |
data | Pacific | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 8.1 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 8.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 19.7 | 10.8 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 10.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 15.9 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 16.6 | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 18 | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.5 | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 3 | 525 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 55 | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 89 | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,450 | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.4 | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 53.5 | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 942 | 14,638 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 91 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 105 | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 929.3 | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7,031.9 –407.5 1,333.1 | 8,259 1,928 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 467.2 | 707 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 141.4 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,695 | 1,436 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP | $) 273.2 | 259.5 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/10/2004 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
1,604
430,696
n/a n/a
Colombia
Population (millions) | 46.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 288.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,510 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 29
to 2.5
2,612
–80 to 199
8 / 27
–2 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 38 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.6 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 16.0 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 20.4 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 394 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 74 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 92 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,017 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 93.6 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.4 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 3,549 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 42 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 115 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 105 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.5 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 182.3 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 67.7 26.0 58.1 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.3 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 697 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 84.5 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/7/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
34
1,094
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 734.8 | GDP ($ millions) | 541.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 750 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,754 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –9 to 140 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 12 / 19 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Comoros
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 13.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.8 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 46.1 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 86 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 25.0 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 24,619 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 36 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,064 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 76.5 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 1.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 157 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 81 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 84 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 179.3 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 –0.9 .. | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 60 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 59.5 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 4/5/20 | 03 (1st) |
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 66.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 13.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 180 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,543 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –48 to 128 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 25 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 59.2 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 170 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 28.2 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 37,400 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 23 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 46 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 789 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 11.1 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 1.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 22.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 174 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 178 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 56 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 77 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 151.2 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.8 –178.8 56.4 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 54.6 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 357 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,196.4 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/28/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
Yes
..
2
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 4.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,150 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,646 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –40 to 134 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 9 / 26 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Congo, Rep.
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 33 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.3 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.0 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 54.1 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.4 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 93 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 11.8 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 34,298 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 30 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 71 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 862 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 37.1 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 7.1 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 23.7 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 77 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 181 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.6 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 74 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 92 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 147.0 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.9 -82.1 5.6 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.6 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 356 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 99.1 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 11/27/200 | 9 (2nd) | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a Yes n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 20.3 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,925 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –57 to 174 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 11 / 16 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Cook Islands
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 87.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 62.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 3.3 10.8 | 2.3 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.8 | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 9 | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 80 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.9 | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 14,638 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 3.5 .. .. 102 | 97 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 106 | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.4 | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.1 | 8,259 | 12,860 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/30/1999 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Costa Rica
Population (millions) | 4.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 34.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,550 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 30
to 2.3
2,926
–239 to 60
12 / 27
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.8 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 31 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 20.9 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 10 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 51 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,770 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.3 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 25.3 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.3 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 144 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 121 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.8 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 171.0 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.0 -3.5 2.6 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.3 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,067 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 106.1 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/7/2009 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
8
320
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 19.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 22.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,160 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 32 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,348 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –125 to 73 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 23 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Côte d’Ivoire
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.2 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 21 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.4 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.8 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 23.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.6 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 123 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.7 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 36,482 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 23 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 80 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,900 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 47.3 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 7.9 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 319 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 167 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 46 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 69 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 223.0 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.0 –18.4 11.0 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.4 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 535 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 317.2 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/26/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a
..
3
0
n/a n/a
Croatia
Population (millions) | 4.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 60.9 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 13,780 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 16 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,113 –112 to –2 3 / 6 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.4 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.3 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.0 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,117 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 86.9 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.5 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 719 .. 80 .. 97 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 303.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 23.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -8.7 3.9 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.9 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,965 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 120.6 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
.. 5%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Cuba
Population (millions) | 11.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 62.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,520 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 30
to 1.8
1,335
–108 to 39
11 / 18
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 12.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 19 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 19.8 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.2 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 91 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,069 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 97.0 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 49.0 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 15.0 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 60 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 98 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1996, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 31.4 –21.7 9.5 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.4 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,022 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/28/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
2
171
n/a n/a
Curaçao
Population (thousands) Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 142.7 –0.1 | GDP ($ millions) GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | .. | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | .. | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | .. | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | .. | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a
Cyprus
Population (millions) | 1.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 25.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 30,480 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 13 / 24 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 498 –98 to –44 4 / 7 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 6.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.7 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 24.5 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 20.8 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.0 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 900 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 64.6 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.3 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 23.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 40 .. 103 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.9 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 410.2 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 8.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 0.6 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,298 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 121.4 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
.. 20% / 30%
..
n/a Yes
8
0
n/a n/a
Czech Republic
Population (millions) | 10.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 192.2 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 17,890 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 3 / 12 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 677 –43 to 55 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 13.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.3 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 15.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.1 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,074 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 12.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.5 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 64 .. 99 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 11.2 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 483.3 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 117.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –6.9 11.5 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.9 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,022 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 178.3 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2009 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 58
607
Denmark
Population (millions) | 5.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 310.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 59,210 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 11 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.6 to 2.5 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 703 21 to 87 3 / 5 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 17.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 18.5 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 21 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 17.4 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 9.6 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.0 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,776 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 18.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | -0.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 5 .. 97 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 246.4 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 46.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –1.1 7.9 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.3 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.4 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,550 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 108.9 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1/11/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (thousands) | 888.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,270 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 23 / 33 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 220 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –29 to 57 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 16 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Djibouti
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.6 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 6.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.3 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 18.8 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.0 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 91 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 29.6 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 467 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 56 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 92 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,111 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 45.0 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 9.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 396 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 170 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 35 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 82 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 302.5 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 –0.6 .. | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 170 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 87.3 | 213.9 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/2/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Dominica
Population (thousands) | 67.8 | GDP ($ millions) | 382.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,410 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
19 / 26
to 1.7
3,436
-106 to 42
13 / 24
-3 / -3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 9.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.4 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 21.7 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 12 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 81 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,437 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 50.4 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 5 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 65 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 89 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.9 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 214.5 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 –0.4 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 628 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 74.4 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/4/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Dominican Republic
Population (millions) | 9.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 51.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,000 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 29
to 1.8
1,410
–128 to 30
12 / 24
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 22 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 16.6 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 9.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 4.3 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.1 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 27 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 46 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 83 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 86 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,846 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 95.9 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 49.4 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.7 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 69 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 108 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 90 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.2 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 289.4 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.6 –18.8 6.1 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.3 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 826 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 104.7 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/17/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
2
12
n/a n/a
Ecuador
Population (millions) | 14.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 58.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,290 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
16 / 28
to 2.3
2,087
22 to 273
10 / 24
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 31 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.5 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 12.6 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 4.4 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 25.1 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 20 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.2 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 63 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 92 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,974 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 92.2 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 14.8 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.1 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 239 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 130 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 106 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.9 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 263.2 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 26.8 46.9 17.1 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.6 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 796 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 111.0 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/15/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
17
1,184
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 81.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 218.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,440 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 51 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –20 to 1 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 8 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 25.6 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 19 | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3,788.9 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.9 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.8 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 94 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,571 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.6 | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 86.9 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.4 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 2,588 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 110 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 514.8 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 210.3 –9.9 47.0 | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 19.0 | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.2 | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 903 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 164.5 | 213.9 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/7/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
9
7,012
n/a n/a
El Salvador
Population (millions) | 6.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 21.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,360 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
18 / 31
to 2.9
1,724
–205 to 14
9 / 25
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 25 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 7.8 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.1 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 5.1 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.8 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.1 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 87 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 87 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,727 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 86.4 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 19.8 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.0 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 152 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 112 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 89 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.0 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 158.9 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.1 3.9 3.1 | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.4 | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 828 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 137.5 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/10/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
6
790
n/a n/a
Equatorial Guinea
Population (thousands) | 700.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 14.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 14,540 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 29 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 2,156 –16 to 129 13 / 27 –3 / –3 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.9 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.8 .. 0.1 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 19.2 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 121 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 10.6 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 27,726 | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 51 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 43 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 155 .. 50 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 83 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 234.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 4.8 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. .. | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,732 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 94.9 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | n/a .. .. .. | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 5.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 2.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 340 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 32 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 384 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –55 to 26 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 14 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Eritrea
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.2 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 7.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 20.8 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 61 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 34.5 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 762 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 14 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 61 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 500 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 32.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 21.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 40 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 180 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 48 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 77 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 171.0 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 1.7 2.5 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 142 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 288.2 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/16/2002 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Estonia
Population (millions) | 1.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 18.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 14,370 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 9 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.2 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 626 33 to 93 2 / 5 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -0.9 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.2 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 20.0 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,761 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 28.8 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 10.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 24 .. 100 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 13.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 731.7 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 18.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –7.0 2.1 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.9 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,085 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
249.8 147.0
2/12/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a 12
0
Population (millions) | 82.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 29.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 390 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 16 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.5 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 848 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –42 to 79 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 21 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Ethiopia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.4 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 4 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.6 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 39.0 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 106 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 34.6 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 11,509 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 12 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 38 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,677 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 17.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 13.7 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 4 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 111 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 55 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 88 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 109.9 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.1 –9.9 52.2 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 30.5 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 402 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 464.6 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/16/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
1
0
n/a n/a
Faeroe Islands
Population (thousands) | 48.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 2.2 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 8 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 0.6 to 1.6 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,578 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 16 to 95 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 5 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 14.5 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 14.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 860.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,580 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,593 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –93 to 271 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 10 / 18 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Fiji
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 11.4 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.3 | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.3 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 17 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,458 | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 49.2 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 90 | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 77 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.5 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 348.5 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.3 –7.7 .. | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 627 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 145.9 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/18/2006 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
2
36
n/a n/a
Finland
Population (millions) | 5.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 238.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 47,160 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | –2 / 6 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.4 to 3.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 536 37 to 103 2 / 4 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.4 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 21 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.1 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.8 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,760 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 65.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 11 .. 97 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 316.3 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 56.5 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –40.6 9.7 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.1 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.8 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 6,639 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
210.6 147.0
12/23/2009 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a 3
245
France
Population (millions) | 64.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 2,560.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 42,390 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 7 / 15 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.6 to 2.6 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 867 –112 to 2 4 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 22 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 15.9 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 5.1 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 15.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,456 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.9 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 29 .. 98 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.9 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 193.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 377.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –63.9 77.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 49.1 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 15.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,073 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
137.4 147.0
2/8/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a 17
3,535
French Polynesia
Population (thousands) | 270.8 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –79 to 283 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 16 / 25 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 37.6 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 19.8 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.9 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 1.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 13.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,740 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,831 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –51 to 148 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 14 / 27 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Gabon
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.9 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 4.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.9 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 74 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 8.8 | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 29,451 | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 33 | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 87 | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,389 | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 36.7 | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 10.2 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.3 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 125 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 156 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 70 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.7 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 126.8 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 –500.9 8.2 | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,214 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 93.3 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/22/2004 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 1.7 | GDP ($ millions) | 806.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 450 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 837 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –87 to 26 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 17 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Gambia, The
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 16.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 33.4 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 34.3 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.5 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 98 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 15.8 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 31,925 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 67 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 92 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,049 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 19.3 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 35 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 149 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 72 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 209.4 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1993, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 –50.0 .. | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 84 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 71.5 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/6/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 4.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 11.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,690 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 0 / 11 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,026 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –77 to -3 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Georgia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.3 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 25 | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -0.6 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.8 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 15.3 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.7 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.3 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,918 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 94.1 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.4 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 61 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 16 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 107 | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.2 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 262.8 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.2 1.0 4.4 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.0 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 723 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 167.4 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/2/2009 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a
..
2
53
n/a n/a
Germany
Population (millions) | 81.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 3,309.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 43,290 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 12 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.6 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 700 –38 to 57 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.9 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.4 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 8 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 36.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 40.5 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.1 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,201 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 14.4 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.3 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 19 .. 104 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 283.8 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 786.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 17.6 67.6 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 56.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 31.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,057 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 121.1 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 2/11/2010 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a 11
2,087
Population (millions) | 24.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 31.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,230 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 32 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,187 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –159 to 83 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 22 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Ghana
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.3 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.2 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 30.0 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.0 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 74 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 14.3 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 31,179 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 13 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 82 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,660 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 60.5 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 14.9 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.1 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 290 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 63 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 83 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 95 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 267.6 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1996, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.6 –19.0 9.0 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.9 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 388 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 275.0 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/2/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 29.2 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Gibraltar
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 13 / 22 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.7 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 618 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –100 to –26 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 8 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 100.0 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 100.0 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.7 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 14.4 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 .. 0.0 | 13,285 1,539 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 813 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 460 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,597 | 4,944 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 147.0 |
National-Level Actions | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | n/a | |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | |
NAMA submission | n/a | |
NAPA submission | n/a | |
Renewable energy target | .. | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 11.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 304.9 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 27,260 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 20 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.6 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 652 110 to -40 3 / 6 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | -2 / -2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 6.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.9 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 29 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 12.2 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 16.9 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,103 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 91.8 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.7 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 100 .. 101 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.7 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 323.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 97.8 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –3.0 7.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.0 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.8 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,387 | 4,944 | ||
Greece
-
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
95.5 147.0
1/18/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
Greenland
Population (thousands) | 56.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.3 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 26,020 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | –23 / –10 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 585 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 6 to 74 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 2 / 5 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 16.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 52.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 40.5 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.2 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Grenada
Population (thousands) | 104.5 | GDP ($ millions) | 627.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,550 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
23 / 31
to 1.9
1,535
–245 to 7
15 / 26
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 21.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 21.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.7 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 11 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 97 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 989 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 61.0 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 10.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 14 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 73 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 126 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 290.2 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 –0.1 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 784 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 96.5 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/21/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Guam
Population (thousands) | 179.9 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –25 to 230 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 19 / 27 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 20.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 26.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 26.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,333 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Guatemala
Population (millions) | 14.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 41.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,730 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
18 / 29
1.7 to 2.8
2,712
–186 to 22
8 / 22
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 8 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.3 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.7 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 11.7 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 30.6 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 32 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 17.7 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 184 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 81 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,966 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 80.5 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 34.5 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 971 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 97 .. 80 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 94 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.9 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 199.4 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 11.9 | 1,584 | 3,744 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –39.5 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) 8.3 | 1,009 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) 5.4 | 442 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) 0.5 | 21 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) 701 | 1,245 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 163.8 | 130.6 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 2/1/2002 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 11 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 1,023 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Guinea
Population (millions) | 10.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 4.5 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 400 | ||
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 32 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.6 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,651 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –122 to 104 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 20 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||||
Country | Sub- Saharan | Low | |||
Exposure to Impacts | data | Africa | income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.6 | 2.0 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 | 14 | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 43.3 | 50.9 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 130 | 121 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.8 | 24.6 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 40,585 | 26,113 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 19 | 31 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 71 | 60 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,339 | 1,297 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 9.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 71 .. 179 | 11,957 | 4,471 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.6 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 62 | 67 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 77 | 89 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 145.0 | 428.6 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.4 | 685 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –17.6 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/28/2002 (1st) | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | .. | ||||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||||
Population (millions) | 1.5 | GDP ($ millions) | 878.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 590 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 33 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,577 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | -69 to 130 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 10 / 22 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Guinea-Bissau
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 9.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 18.8 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 48.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 16.1 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 150 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 17.4 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 34,043 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 21 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 61 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,445 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 27.9 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.0 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 19 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 1.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 176 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.6 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 31 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 65 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 186.6 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 .. .. | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 67 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 64.8 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/1/2005 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Guyana
Population (thousands) | 754.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 2.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,300 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
22 / 30
to 3.0
2,387
–158 to 72
9 / 26
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 31.3 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 7.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 8.7 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.9 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 30 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 10.8 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 2,194 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 81 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,568 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 7.4 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.8 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 26 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 114 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 109 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 780.2 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.5 –30.9 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 667 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 260.8 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/16/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
1
0
n/a n/a
Haiti
Population (millions) | 10.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 6.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 650 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,440 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –125 to 34 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 13 / 23 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 /–3 | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.9 | 1.5 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.4 | 3.8 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 21 | 35 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.5 | 2.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 9.2 | 2.0 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 54.9 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.3 | 20.8 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 165 | 23 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 18.9 | 3.8 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,891 | 206 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 17 | 79 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 63 | 93 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 991 | 3,337 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 38.5 | 93.4 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 24.3 | 28.1 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 6.9 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1 | 33,064 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 174 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.5 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 102 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 102 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 238.9 | 285.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.4 1.0 4.0 | 1,584 1,009 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.4 | 442 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 263 | 1,245 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 247.5 | 130.6 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1/3/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Honduras
Population (millions) | 7.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 15.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,880 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
19 / 28
to 2.6
1,976
-204 to 15
10 / 25
-2 / -2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.2 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.2 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 23.3 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.2 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 24 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 8.6 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 335 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 71 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 86 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,752 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 70.3 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 20.4 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.9 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 321 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 128 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 90 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 107 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.2 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 326.6 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.7 4.6 5.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.9 | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 592 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 169.2 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/15/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
19
568
n/a n/a
Hong Kong SAR, China
Population (millions) | 7.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 224.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 32,780 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 26 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 2,240 –83 to 73 7 / 10 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 24.6 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 26.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 100 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 41.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 30.7 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 2 .. 93 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 136.2 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 38.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 2.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,133 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
54.2 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a
Hungary
Population (millions) | 10.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 130.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 12,980 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 15 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 589 –75 to 23 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 89.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.8 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,712 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 37.7 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.4 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –32.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 2,645 .. 51 .. 95 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 312.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 54.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | –3.0 7.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.0 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.6 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,542 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 153.9 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/10/2009 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a 11
1,321
Iceland
Population (thousands) | 317.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 12.6 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 33,990 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | –1 / 5 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 0.9 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 978 –1 to 101 3 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 13.1 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.2 .. 0.1 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 2 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 36.6 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 20.4 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 23.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 9 .. 98 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.0 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 191.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) 0.7 0.4 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 16,876 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 512.0 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/12/2010 (5th)
30%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
India
Population (millions) 1,170.9 GDP ($ billions) 1,729.0 Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 1.6 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 1,340
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights
18 / 30
to 2.6
1,083
–91 to 135
5 / 13
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Country South | Lower middle | ||
data Asia | income | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.8 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 13 | 13 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 4.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 47.8 | 50.6 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 35.1 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 41.6 | 40.3 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.3 | 6.1 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 63 | 67 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 43.5 | 42.5 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,124 | 1,127 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 31 | 36 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 88 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,572 | 2,728 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 66.3 | 62.1 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 49.3 | 58.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 71,898 | 73,548 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 132 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.6 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 86 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 92 | 92 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 549.8 | 504.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,742.7 14.3 584.0 | 1,970 846 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 212.9 | 268 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.4 | 9 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 585 | 532 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 195.4 | 193.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/22/2004 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
727
118,184
n/a n/a
Indonesia
Population (millions) | 239.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 706.6 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,500 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 31 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.8 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,702 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –160 to 234 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 17 / 27 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 5.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.2 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 9 | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 5.6 | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 16.0 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 18.7 | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.1 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 35 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 17.5 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,645 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 52 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 80 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,813 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 64.5 | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 59.1 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.9 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 3,408 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 129 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 109 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 484.1 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 406.0 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 164.1 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 208.9 | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 123.3 | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.0 | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 851 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 230.3 | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/27/1999 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
70
3,007
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 74.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 331.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,520 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 10 / 24 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 228 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –51 to 6 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.0 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 24 | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 72.5 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 19.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.1 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 26 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 18 | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 83 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 93 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,289 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.4 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 73.3 | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 486 | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 144 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 101 | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.4 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 716.3 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 538.4 31.6 114.6 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 26.6 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.6 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,951 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 282.1 | 213.9 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/31/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
7
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 32.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 82.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,340 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 3.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 216 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –38 to -2 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –1 | ||
Iraq
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.5 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 23 | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 187.5 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 4.0 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.1 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 39 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 7.1 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 73 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 79 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,222 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 86.0 | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 84.3 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 956 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 164 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 64 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 81 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,057.0 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 102.9 .. 15.9 | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.4 | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,035 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 317.1 | 213.9 | 217.9 | |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Ireland
Population (millions) | 4.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 203.9 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 40,720 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 13 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 0.9 to 1.4 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,118 –13 to 78 3 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 25 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.0 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,798 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 15.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 13.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 10 .. 97 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.9 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 252.9 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 43.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -2.2 15.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.5 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,333 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
94.7 147.0
3/3/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
Population (thousands) | 82.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 4.1 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 48,910 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –13 to 56 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 12.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 27.8 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Isle of Man
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Israel
Population (millions) | 7.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 217.3 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 27,170 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 13 / 25 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 435 –41 to -11 4 / 8 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.8 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 8.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 57 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 241.9 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 28.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,182 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.7 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.8 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 34 .. 102 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.2 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 200.2 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 37.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2007, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | -0.4 3.5 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.8 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.0 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,873 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 110.4 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/7/2010 (2nd) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | n/a Yes, with Goal n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
22
1,160
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 60.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 2,051.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 35,150 |
Italy
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 10 / 17 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.6 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 832 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –108 to –11 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 7 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 5.2 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.5 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 24.8 | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 18.8 | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.9 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,035 | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.5 | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.5 | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 87 | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 104 | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.4 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 264.1 | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 445.1 –94.7 40.8 | 13,285 1,539 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 28.6 | 813 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 14.0 | 460 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,814 | 4,944 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 105.2 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/17/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Jamaica
Population (millions) | 2.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 14.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,770 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
21 / 29
to 1.8
2,051
–102 to 28
14 / 24
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.8 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.2 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.9 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 24 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.2 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 83 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,262 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 92.0 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 73.3 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.5 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 170 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 88 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 89 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.5 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 618.4 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 12.2 –0.2 1.3 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,208 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 169.3 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/21/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
1
211
n/a n/a
Japan
Population (millions) | 127.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 5,497.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 42,130 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 7 / 15 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,668 –47 to 80 3 / 6 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 5.9 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 16.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 49 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 20.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 35.2 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 16.3 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,920 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 79.6 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –0.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.5 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 20 .. 102 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 302.2 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1,208.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -71.5 42.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 29.8 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 53.8 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,883 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 125.7 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/21/2009 (5th)
25%
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 6.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 27.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,390 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 25 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.9 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 111 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –28 to -3 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||
Jordan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.2 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 136.5 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 9.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.4 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.9 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 96 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,044 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.9 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.5 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 301 | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 96 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 99 | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.7 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 723.4 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.4 0.7 1.8 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,260 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 246.3 | 213.9 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/8/2009 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
2
986
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 16.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 143.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,440 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 1 / 12 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 250 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –1 to 37 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 2 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Kazakhstan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 6.7 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.9 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 8 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 42.1 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.5 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 33 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.9 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 97 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 95 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,254 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 89.9 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.8 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 596 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 47 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 108 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 15.1 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,444.1 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 237.0 .. 47.1 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 17.6 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,134 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 396.5 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1992) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/4/2009 (2nd)
15%
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 40.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 31.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 790 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 692 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 0 to 144 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 25 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Kenya
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 9 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 6.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 13.2 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 19.7 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.6 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 85 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.4 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 30,307 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 31 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 59 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,204 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 16.1 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 14.1 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 492 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 109 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 90 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 95 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 187.6 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.4 –28.0 22.1 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.5 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 474 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 329.4 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/22/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
5
0
n/a n/a
Kiribati
Population (thousands) | 99.5 | GDP ($ millions) | 151.2 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,010 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 31 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1.6 to 2.0 | |||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,942 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) 8 | 1 to 385 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 14 / 24 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | -2 / -2 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 96.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 95.2 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 5.0 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.0 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 49 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 31 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 61 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.4 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 115 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 118 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 107 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 134.6 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.0 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 116 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 49.9 | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/30/1999 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Population (millions) | 24.3 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 0 / 11 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 2.1 to 2.7 | |||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,062 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) – | 9 to 129 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||||
East | |||||
Country | Asia & | Low | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.4 | 2.5 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.3 | 10.3 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 12 | .. | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.5 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 10.3 | 10.8 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.0 | 14.9 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 33 | 24 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.6 | 9.0 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 284 | 525 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 59 | 59 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 88 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,513 | 4,860 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 26.0 | 90.8 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 2.8 | 15.9 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.4 | 2.8 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 47 | 14,638 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 103 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.2 | 4.3 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 78.4 | 8,259 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –14.6 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 18.2 | 1,928 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.4 | 707 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.8 | .. | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 795 | 1,436 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 259.5 | 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/7/2004 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Korea, Rep.
Population (millions) | 48.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,014.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 19,890 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 7 / 17 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,404 0 to 181 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 48 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 39.3 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 51.6 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 8 | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,238 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 78.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.3 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –0.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 8 .. 101 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 410.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 509.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2001, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –34.6 32.1 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 13.5 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,044 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 186.6 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/1/2003 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
64
77,317
n/a n/a
Kosovo
Population (millions) | 1.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,300 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
..
2.0 to 3.1
.. –148 to -34
3 / 6
–1 / –1
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 0.3 6.5 | 2.8 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.4 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 5 .. 117 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 3,110 | 3,744 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 937 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 214 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 76 | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 2,833 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 276.8 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | n/a | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | n/a | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | n/a | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Kuwait
Population (millions) | 2.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 109.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 47,790 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 32 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 121 –19 to 4 4 / 7 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 8.9 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 22.8 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 84 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.6 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 11 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.7 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,084 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 100.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 85.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.3 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 67 .. 93 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 30.1 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 602.0 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 76.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 14.4 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.9 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 11,402 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
217.6 147.0
..
n/a
..
n/a Yes
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 5.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 4.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 880 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | -5 / 8 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 3.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 381 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –32 to 35 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Kyrgyz Republic
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 0.3 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 20.6 | 6.5 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 9.4 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.9 | 7.5 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 38 | 23 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.7 | .. | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 93 | 89 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 90 | 95 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,034 | 2,475 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 91.1 | 85.8 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.0 | 9.9 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 14 | 22,652 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 70 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 94 | 95 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 97 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.2 | 7.7 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 575.9 | 708.0 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.2 –0.7 3.6 | 3,110 937 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.5 | 214 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 76 | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 566 | 2,833 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 271.4 | 276.8 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/4/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Lao PDR
Population (millions) | 6.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 7.5 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,040 | ||
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 27 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.6 to 2.4 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,834 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –95 to 70 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 13 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||||
Country | East Asia & | Lower middle | |||
Exposure to Impacts | data | Pacific | income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.7 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.6 | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 33.9 | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 16.3 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 54 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 31.6 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 327 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 53 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 57 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,808 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 55.0 | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 13.5 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.7 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 3,860 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.3 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 165 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 75 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 87 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 125.3 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.5 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2e) –104.3 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 1,705 | ||||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 687 | ||||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 17 | ||||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 680 | ||||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 217.9 | ||||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 11/2/2000 (1st) | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | .. | ||||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 1 | ||||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 2 | ||||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||||
Population (millions) | 2.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 24.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 11,620 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 9 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 641 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 31 to 89 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 2 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Latvia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 23.9 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | –1.0 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 17.8 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 10 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 78 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,075 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.8 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 122 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 21 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.3 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 213.9 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.6 –20.5 3.1 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.3 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.9 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,871 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 144.9 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/16/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 0
0
Population (millions) | 4.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 39.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,080 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 22 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.9 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 661 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –75 to -27 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Lebanon
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.1 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 46 | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 26.3 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 19.9 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.5 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.2 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,832 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.9 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.8 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 12.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 3 | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 104 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 85 | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.1 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 372.5 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 17.1 -0.1 1.0 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,580 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 133.2 | 213.9 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/31/2011 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 2.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 2.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,040 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 19 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.5 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 789 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –66 to 89 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 10 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Lesotho
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.7 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.0 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 43.4 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.5 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 85 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.6 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 29 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 85 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 421 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 16.0 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 18.3 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 11 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 143 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 69 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 107 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 1.3 .. | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 9 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 7.0 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/17/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 4.0 | GDP ($ millions) | 986.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 200 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,391 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –115 to 81 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 10 / 25 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Liberia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.3 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 30 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.9 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 83.7 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.1 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 103 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.4 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 29,994 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 17 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 68 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,610 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 6.2 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 25.1 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 135 .. 151 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 58 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 72 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 447.7 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.6 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. .. | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4 | 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 1 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 6.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 62.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 12,320 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 57 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –18 to 5 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 8 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Libya
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.7 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 17 | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 718.0 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.1 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 17 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 5.6 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 97 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 54 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 569 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.8 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 57.2 | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.7 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 105 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.5 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 619.1 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 58.3 .. 14.7 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.3 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,258 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 212.1 | 213.9 | 227.1 | |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | Yes | ||
Carbon Markets | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 0 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (thousands) | 36.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 4.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 137,070 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 9 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,539 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –66 to 32 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 42.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 2 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 107 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 93 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Liechtenstein
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
0.0
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
1/25/2010 (5th)
20% / 30%
n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 3.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 36.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 11,390 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 10 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 656 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 22 to 83 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 2 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Lithuania
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -0.6 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 17.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.5 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,450 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 28.6 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 11.0 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 104 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 27 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.5 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 255.8 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 15.1 –3.7 5.5 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,512 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 166.3 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/22/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 12
2,408
Luxembourg
Population (thousands) 505.8 GDP ($ billions) 55.1
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 13 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 2.5 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 934 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –86 to 26 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 19.8 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,202 | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.9 | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 279.2 | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 50 | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 84 | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 21.5 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 291.0 | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.5 –0.3 1.1 | 13,285 1,539 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 | 813 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 460 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 8,313 | 4,944 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 116.8 147.0 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 1.4 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 79,630
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/14/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Macao SAR, China
Population (thousands) | 543.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 21.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 40,030 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 26 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,219 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –83 to 73 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 10 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 35.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 79.9 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 99 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 95 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 46.0 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Macedonia, FYR
Population (millions) | 2.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.1 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,520 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 15 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.0 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 619 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –150 to -43 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||||
Europe & | Upper | ||||
Country | Central | middle | |||
data | Asia | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.3 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 28.8 | 6.5 | 5.6 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 7.3 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.8 | 7.5 | 13.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 12 | 23 | 20 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.8 | .. | 4.1 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 89 | 89 | 68 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 95 | 92 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,373 | 2,475 | 3,690 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 56.5 | 85.8 | 50.5 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.9 | 9.9 | 4.5 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 86 | 22,652 | 26,166 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 22 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 95 | 98 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 103 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.8 | 7.7 | 5.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 655.2 | 708.0 | 659.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 11.8 | 3,110 | 12,860 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2002, MtCO2e) –2.6 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.4 | 937 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 214 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 76 | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,352 | 2,833 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 155.6 | 276.8 | 227.1 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1/15/2009 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a
..
1
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 20.7 | GDP ($ billions) | 8.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 430 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,513 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –104 to 56 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 16 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Madagascar
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 9 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.9 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 67.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.9 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 62 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 36.8 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 3,735 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 11 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 41 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,582 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 19.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 11.6 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 9.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 132 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 137 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 79 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 102.9 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.9 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) –233.3 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/7/2010 (2nd) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | Yes | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | Yes | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 1 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 14.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 330 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 17 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.5 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,181 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | -53 to 91 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 16 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Malawi
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 8.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.0 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 73.9 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 15.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 92 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 15.5 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 33,773 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 56 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 80 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,163 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 9.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 45.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 116 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 1.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 145 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 59 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 120.1 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.2 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
17.5
.. 590 436
.. 334 209
.. .. ..
.. 689 365
.. 308.4 303.9
12/2/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Malaysia
Population (millions) | 28.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 237.8 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,760 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.6 to 1.9 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,875 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –160 to 117 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 13 / 26 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||||
East | Upper | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.5 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 9 | .. | 22 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.3 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.1 | 10.8 | 5.6 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 17.9 | 14.9 | 13.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 24 | 20 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 75 | 525 | 80 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 59 | 68 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 88 | 92 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,750 | 4,860 | 3,690 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.4 | 90.8 | 98.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 82.8 | 15.9 | 50.5 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.7 | 2.8 | 4.5 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.8 | 3.0 | 2.7 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,201 | 14,638 | 26,166 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 18 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 97 | 97 | 98 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 103 | 103 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.6 | 4.3 | 5.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 585.7 | 827.1 | 659.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 208.3 | 8,259 | 12,860 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) –220.2 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 46.5 | 1,928 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 15.1 | 707 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.0 | .. | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,391 | 1,436 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 191.2 | 259.5 | 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/14/2011 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
101
1,475
n/a n/a
Maldives
Population (thousands) | 315.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,240 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Country South | Upper middle | ||
data Asia | income | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 100.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 100.0 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 13 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 50.6 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 40.3 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 6.1 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 15 | 67 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 25.7 | 42.5 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 1,127 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 36 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 91 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,042 | 2,728 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 62.1 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 58.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.0 | 1.7 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 11.1 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 490 | 73,548 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 79 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 119 | 86 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 92 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.0 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 580.8 | 504.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.9 .. .. | 1,970 846 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 268 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 9 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 985 | 532 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 200.3 | 193.5 | 227.1 |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
25 / 31
1.5 to 1.8
1,972
–2 to 319
22 / 27
–3 / –3
11/5/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 15.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 600 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 36 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.5 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 282 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –142 to 43 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 13 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Mali
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 10.9 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 51.4 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 178 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 27.9 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 25,366 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 36 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 56 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,588 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 19.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 254 .. 146 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 64 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 80 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 44.2 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.6 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) –9.7 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 11/13/2000 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | Yes | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 1 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Malta
Population (thousands) | 413.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 8.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 18,430 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 23 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 383 –67 to –28 5 / 7 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 19.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 21.8 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.9 .. 53.5 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 22.2 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 17.2 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,431 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 87.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 9.4 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. 100 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.2 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 274.3 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -0.1 0.2 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,935 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
87.5 147.0
7/27/2010 (2nd)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
Marshall Islands
Population (thousands) | 54.0 | GDP ($ millions) | 155.8 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,450 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1. | 4 to 1.8 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,705 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 8 to 240 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 21 / 27 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 99.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 99.4 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.1 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 26 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 73 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.6 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 1.8 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 106 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 94 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.9 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.1 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 610 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/24/2000 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 3.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,030 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.4 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 92 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –113 to 9 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 11 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Mauritania
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 20.4 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 399.8 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 21.2 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.5 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 111 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.7 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 17,325 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 26 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 49 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 876 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 26.8 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 133 .. 159 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 64 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 343.6 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.0 | 685 | 3,744 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) -1.3 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/6/2008 (2nd) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | Yes | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 1.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,750 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 26 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,041 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –165 to 67 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 14 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Mauritius
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.1 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.6 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 26.4 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 21.4 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.5 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 15 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 91 | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 8,307 | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.4 | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 98.0 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.8 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 26 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 23 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 89 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.1 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 269.6 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.0 –0.2 .. | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 947 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 85.9 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/28/1999 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
0
0
n/a n/a
Mayotte
Population (thousands) | 204.1 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 4.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
..
to 1.8
.. –24 to 112
13 / 20
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 21.6 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 21.6 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 4.0 3.2 | 2.3 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.2 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. .. | 11,957 67 | 26,166 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 685 | 12,860 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. .. | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4 | 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | n/a | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | n/a | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | n/a | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Mexico
Population (millions) | 113.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,039.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 8,930 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
14 / 29
to 2.8
752
–178 to 10
6 / 12
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 35 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 19.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 5.5 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.1 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 17 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 3 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 85 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,434 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 35.3 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 6,360 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 53 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 104 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.3 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 332.6 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2006, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 475.8 70.2 128.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 42.5 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.6 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,497 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 119.8 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/20/2010 (4th)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
132
10,122
n/a n/a
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Population (thousands) | 111.1 | GDP ($ millions) | 287.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,700 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
..
to 1.7
.. –85 to 411
26 / 27
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 33.4 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 54.9 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 31.2 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.0 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 42 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 27 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,450 | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 17.5 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 140 .. .. | 14,638 97 | 81,789 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 196.8 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.1 | 8,259 | 3,744 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/30/1999 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 3.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,810 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 14 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 553 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –72 to 11 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||
Moldova
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.9 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | –0.8 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 191.5 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 9.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.4 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.2 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 79 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 90 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,340 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 85.8 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.3 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 35 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 81 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.3 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 483.1 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.8 –1.4 3.4 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.8 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 687 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 263.6 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1/27/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
4
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 35.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 6.1 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 183,150 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 10 / 17 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 894 –114 to 1 4 / 7 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) Population below 5m (% of total) | 100.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 100.0 | 7.7 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | .. | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.7 .. .. | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | .. | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 23.7 | 13.4 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4 | 6 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. 132 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) 0.0 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,539 | |||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 813 | |||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 460 | |||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 4,944 | |||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 147.0 | |||
Monaco
.. ..
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/25/2011 (5th)
30%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Mongolia
Population (millions) | 2.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 6.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,850 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.6 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.4 | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 22.4 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.4 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 32 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 5.3 | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 50 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 76 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,552 | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 67.0 | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 3.5 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 23.9 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 2 | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 86 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.1 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,146.7 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2006, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.9 –2.1 6.1 | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.5 | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,194 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 345.1 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
–8 / 6
2.3 to 3.1
241
1 to 50
2 / 4
–1 / –1
12/10/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
3
15
n/a n/a
Montenegro
Population (thousands) 631.5 GDP ($ billions) 4.0
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) 0.2 GNI per capita (Atlas $) 6,620
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.3 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.2 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 92 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,464 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.5 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 19.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 6 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 56 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.1 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 293.7 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.0 –0.9 .. | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,384 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 139.9 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
1.9 to 2.9
.. –138 to –27
3 / 6
–2 / –1
10/12/2010 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 32.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 91.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,900 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 23 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 346 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –62 to –5 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 8 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Morocco
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.8 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 19 | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 43.4 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.6 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 2.5 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.5 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 36 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 9.9 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 69 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 81 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,911 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 97.0 | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 67.8 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.5 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,124 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 94 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 80 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 88 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.5 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 379.0 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 47.9 3.6 10.6 | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.8 | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 477 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 113.7 | 213.9 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/3/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
6
330
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 23.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 440 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,031 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –69 to 61 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 15 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Mozambique
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.5 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 7 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 59.6 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 15.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 135 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 21.2 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 32,555 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 17 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 47 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 877 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 11.7 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 20.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 80 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 139 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 61 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 89 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 133.6 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.3 7.7 12.8 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 9.5 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 427 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 529.7 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/2/2006 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Myanmar
Population (millions) | 48.0 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 8 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) 1.7 to 2.3 | |||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,091 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) – | 84 to 97 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 14 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||||
East | |||||
Country | Asia & | Low | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.6 | 2.5 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.0 | 10.3 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | .. | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 3.3 | 10.8 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 24.8 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.3 | 14.9 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 66 | 24 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 29.6 | 9.0 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 7,943 | 525 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 81 | 59 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 71 | 88 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,949 | 4,860 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 13.0 | 90.8 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 11.9 | 15.9 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.3 | 2.8 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 556 | 14,638 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 99 | 97 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 103 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 4.3 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 12.8 | 8,259 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 77.2 | 1,928 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 30.9 | 707 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 316 | 1,436 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 259.5 | 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | .. | ||||
NAPA submission | .. | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 2.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 12.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,500 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 13 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 2.9 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 285 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | -67 to 23 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 13 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Namibia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.9 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.9 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 49.1 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.5 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 40 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 17.5 | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 4,589 | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 33 | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 92 | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 365 | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 34.0 | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 12.8 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.2 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.0 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 9 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 78 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 87 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.8 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 311.4 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.0 -5.7 5.1 | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.8 | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 764 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 135.4 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/7/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 10.3 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 2.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,445 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) –60 to 565 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 18 / 26 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Nauru
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 40.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 40.4 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 3.3 10.8 | 2.3 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 40 | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 80 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 50 | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 90 | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.6 | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. 97 | 14,638 97 | 26,166 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 112 | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 13.9 | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.1 | 8,259 | 12,860 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.0 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/30/1999 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Nepal
Population (millions) | 30.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 15.7 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 480 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 15 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.4 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,321 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –116 to 231 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 8 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||||
Country South | Low | ||||
data Asia | income | ||||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 13 | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.8 | 2.7 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 5.1 | 50.6 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 27.7 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 55.1 | 40.3 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 17.0 | 6.1 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 50 | 67 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 38.8 | 42.5 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 103 | 1,127 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 31 | 36 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 88 | 87 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,374 | 2,728 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 43.6 | 62.1 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 55.9 | 58.9 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.6 | 1.3 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 34 | 73,548 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 107 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.8 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 70 | 86 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 82 | 92 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 120.0 | 504.6 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 3.5 | 1,970 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 8.1 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 22.1 | 846 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.5 | 268 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 9 | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 338 | 532 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 323.2 | 193.5 | 303.9 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/1/2004 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
4
92
n/a n/a
Netherlands
Population (millions) | 16.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 783.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 49,750 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 13 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 778 –18 to 50 3 / 5 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 58.5 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 61.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 12 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 105.1 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 10.6 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 12.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 9,032 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 90.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –2.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 31 .. 100 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 277.0 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 173.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 21.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 14.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.8 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,016 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 135.9 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/19/2009 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (thousands) | 254.0 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
New Caledonia
Climate | ||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 25 | |
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | |
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,498 | |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –122 to 118 | |
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 12 | |
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |
Country | High | |
data | income | |
Exposure to Impacts | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 8.0 | 2.2 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 34.3 | 7.7 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.5 | 13.4 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. |
Resilience | ||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,391 | 5,445 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 12.8 | 11.9 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 3.1 | 13,285 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
New Zealand
Population (millions) | 4.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 126.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 29,050 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 15 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.1 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,732 –44 to 53 4 / 8 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 12.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 32 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 3.2 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 25.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,924 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 65.9 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 13.3 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –1.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 3 .. .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.8 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 304.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 33.1 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | –26.7 27.6 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 12.9 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.0 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,193 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 162.9 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 12/23/2009 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 10% / 20% n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a 7
1,898
Nicaragua
Population (millions) | 5.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 6.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,090 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 30
to 2.4
2,391
–220 to 19
10 / 26
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.5 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 23 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 15.8 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 36.7 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 27 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.3 | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 26 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 52 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 85 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,077 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 72.1 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 12.0 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.4 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 547 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 118 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 75 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 308.2 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.3 –13.1 6.0 | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.3 | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 540 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 222.8 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/22/2011 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
5
602
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 15.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 370 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.4 to 2.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 151 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –71 to 36 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 12 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Niger
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 7 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 7.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 67.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 43.1 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.8 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 143 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 39.9 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 37,958 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 9 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 48 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 380 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 20.7 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 17.1 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 107 .. 173 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 41 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 78 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 90.3 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.9 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
–16.8
.. 590 436
.. 334 209
.. .. ..
.. 689 365
.. 308.4 303.9
12/9/2009 (2nd)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 158.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 193.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,180 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 33 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.5 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,150 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –128 to 89 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 19 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Nigeria
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 15 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.7 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 64.4 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 12.8 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 143 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 26.7 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 38,259 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 32 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 58 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,528 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 50.6 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 15.0 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.1 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 3,036 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 133 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 79 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 85 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 326.6 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 95.8 105.0 130.3 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.6 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 701 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 345.1 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/17/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
5
312
n/a n/a
Niue
Population (thousands) | 1.5 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | -2.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | ||
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 27 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,210 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –9 to 153 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 9 / 15 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
Country | East Asia & | Upper middle | |||
Exposure to Impacts | data | Pacific | income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 10.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.4 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 22 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 3.3 10.8 | 2.3 5.6 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.2 | 14.9 | 13.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 24 | 20 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 80 | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 59 | 68 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 88 | 92 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 3,690 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 98.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 50.5 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 19.0 | 2.8 | 4.5 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.0 | 2.7 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. 126 | 14,638 97 | 26,166 98 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 129 | 103 | 103 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.5 | 4.3 | 5.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 659.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.0 | 8,259 | 12,860 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 0.1 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 3,455 | ||||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 1,144 | ||||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 243 | ||||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 1,848 | ||||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 227.1 | ||||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/2/2001 (1st) | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | .. | ||||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||||
Population (thousands) | 60.9 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 24 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 7,369 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 1 to 197 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 17 / 26 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 28.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 39.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 94 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Northern Mariana Islands
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Norway
Population (millions) | 4.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 414.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 85,340 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | –2 / 5 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 3.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,119 41 to 131 2 / 5 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.9 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.5 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 5.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,105 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 80.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 18.8 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.8 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 6 .. 100 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 215.9 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 50.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –25.3 16.9 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.7 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 6,332 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 134.9 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
1/22/2010 (5th)
30% / 40%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Oman
Population (millions) | 2.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 46.9 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 18,260 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.4 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 125 –16 to 31 4 / 12 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.5 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 .. 94.7 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.0 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 9 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 87 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 88 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,473 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 43.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 49 .. 80 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 17.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 703.9 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 45.7 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 17.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,554 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 229.3 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Pakistan
Population (millions) | 173.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 174.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,050 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Country South | Lower middle | ||
data Asia | income | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.3 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | 13 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 313.8 | 50.6 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 73.9 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 22.6 | 40.3 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.3 | 6.1 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 87 | 67 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 31.3 | 42.5 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 881 | 1,127 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 45 | 36 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 90 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,790 | 2,728 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 62.4 | 62.1 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 65.4 | 58.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 437 | 73,548 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 105 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 61 | 86 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 82 | 92 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 420.7 | 504.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 163.2 6.5 137.4 | 1,970 846 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 26.8 | 268 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.8 | 9 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 502 | 532 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 212.7 | 193.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
13 / 27
2.4 to 3.4
305
–60 to 36
3 / 8
–2 / –2
11/15/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
12
2,983
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 20.5 | GDP ($ millions) | 169.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,470 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 24 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 3,259 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –89 to 172 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 25 / 27 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Palau
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 21.4 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 55.6 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.4 .. .. | 3.3 10.8 | 2.3 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.0 | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 80 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 83 | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 84 | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.2 | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 116 .. 104 | 14,638 97 | 26,166 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 10.5 | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 827.5 | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.2 | 8,259 | 12,860 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 227.1 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 6/18/2003 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Panama
Population (millions) | 3.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 26.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,980 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
21 / 30
to 2.2
2,692
–228 to 107
14 / 27
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 39 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 2.4 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 18.7 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 20 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 35 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 69 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 93 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,019 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 88.1 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 38.1 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.3 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 339 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 61 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 102 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.0 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 173.8 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.9 23.7 3.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 896 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 75.5 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
7/20/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
7
138
n/a n/a
Papua New Guinea
Population (millions) | 6.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 9.5 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,300 | ||
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 20 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 3,142 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –163 to 421 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 16 / 26 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
Country | East Asia & | Lower middle | |||
Exposure to Impacts | data | Pacific | income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.0 | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 35.8 | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.1 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 61 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 18.1 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 18,012 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 45 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 40 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,415 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 3.5 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.3 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 150 .. 101 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.9 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 53 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 158.0 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.1 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.4 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 1,705 | ||||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 687 | ||||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 17 | ||||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 680 | ||||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 217.9 | ||||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 2/27/2002 (1st) | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | Yes | ||||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 1 | ||||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 215 | ||||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||||
Paraguay
Population (millions) | 6.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 18.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,940 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
18 / 29
1.9 to 2.6
1,130
–48 to 112
3 / 12
–1 / –1
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 31 | 35 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.3 | 2.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.5 | 2.0 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 5.1 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.4 | 20.8 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 25 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 16 | 206 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 70 | 79 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 86 | 93 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,358 | 3,337 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 96.7 | 93.4 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 50.8 | 28.1 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.9 | 6.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 45 | 33,064 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 102 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 102 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 102 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.7 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 151.9 | 285.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.1 19.5 15.4 | 1,584 1,009 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 9.1 | 442 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 21 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 749 | 1,245 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 182.3 | 130.6 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/10/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
2
0
n/a n/a
Peru
Population (millions) | 29.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 153.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,780 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
14 / 26
2.1 to 2.7
1,493
–57 to 181
8 / 23
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 31 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.2 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 5.9 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 13.6 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 19 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 5.4 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 478 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 68 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 82 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,910 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 85.7 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 13.9 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.2 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,663 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 41 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 101 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 178.7 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 40.5 56.8 17.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.6 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.3 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 550 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 69.2 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/28/2010 (2nd)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a
..
25
620
n/a n/a
Philippines
Population (millions) | 93.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 199.6 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,060 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,348 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –136 to 140 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 13 / 24 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 6.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.5 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.8 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 16.5 | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 22.6 | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.9 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 29 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.7 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 96 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 76 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 91 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,229 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 89.7 | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 9.9 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.9 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 2,817 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 136 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 94 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.9 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 272.6 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 83.2 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) –0.1 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 51.9 | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 13.0 | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 424 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 125.9 | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/19/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
57
245
n/a n/a
Poland
Population (millions) | 38.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 468.6 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 12,410 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 12 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 600 –12 to 64 2 / 5 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.5 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 4 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 24.5 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 21.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 6 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 90 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,475 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 68.2 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.9 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.9 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 4,638 | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 62 .. 95 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 503.8 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 316.1 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –37.2 70.0 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 30.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,663 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 153.6 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/12/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 17
0
Portugal
Population (millions) | 10.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 228.5 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 21,850 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 10 / 20 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 2.3 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 855 –113 to –7 5 / 9 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.2 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 39 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 31.3 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 11.4 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.9 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 4 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,455 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 86.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.8 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.6 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 30 .. 103 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 241.4 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 56.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | –14.1 12.2 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.0 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.8 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,210 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 102.0 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 6/11/2010 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 4.0 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 29 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,054 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –133 to 37 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 13 / 24 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 69 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 14.0 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 8.5 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,878 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 95.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 43 | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Puerto Rico
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Qatar
Population (millions) | 1.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 98.3 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 6.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 33 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 2.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 74 –23 to 8 5 / 9 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 13.4 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 23.1 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.8 .. 471.4 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.7 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,746 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.7 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 90.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 10.1 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 8.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 36 .. 108 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 120 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 49.1 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 636.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 68.5 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 15.7 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 14,911 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
203.7 147.0
6/20/2011 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
1
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 21.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 161.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 7,840 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 14 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 637 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –92 to 2 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||
Romania
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 9 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | –0.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 21.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 7.1 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 14 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.5 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 72 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,825 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 30.2 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.1 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 680 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 72 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.4 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 373.1 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 94.7 –36.5 24.3 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 11.5 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,602 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 148.2 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/15/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 15
2,405
Russian Federation
Population (millions) | 141.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,479.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | –0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,910 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 18 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | –0.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.5 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 2.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.0 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 12 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 87 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 96 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,281 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 80.1 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 12.8 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 16,097 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 120 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 12.0 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 815.1 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1,708.7 –656.5 562.8 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 76.1 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 59.7 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 4,561 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 334.8 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
–10 / 0
2.6 to 3.7
460
24 to 79
2 / 4
–2 / –2
3/16/2010 (5th)
15% / 25%
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 25
7,211
Population (millions) | 10.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 520 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 12 / 24 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,212 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –12 to 211 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 26 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Rwanda
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 8.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.6 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 76.8 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 91 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 18.0 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 11,429 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 54 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 65 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,829 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 19.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 63 .. 45 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 54 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 71.1 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.7 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2002, MtCO2e) –7.0 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 9/6/2005 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | Yes | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 3 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (thousands) | 183.1 | GDP ($ millions) | 565.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,860 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 24 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.6 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,991 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –41 to 196 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 16 / 25 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Samoa
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 15.6 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.4 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 20 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 88 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 14.2 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 60 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 105 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.9 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 213.0 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 –0.1 .. | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 320 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 80.4 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/14/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 31.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.9 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 50,400 | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 8 / 16 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 840 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –111 to 3 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 6 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 2 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
San Marino
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2007, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
0.0
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
8/24/2009 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a
..
..
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 165.4 | GDP ($ millions) | 196.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,200 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 2.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,169 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –42 to 137 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 20 / 27 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 14.7 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.1 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.3 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 29.7 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 80 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 13.1 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,961 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 26 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 89 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,056 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 68.1 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.4 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 50 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 163 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 85 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 496.2 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 –1.5 .. | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 280 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 180.0 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/19/2005 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Saudi Arabia
Population (millions) | 27.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 434.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 16,190 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 18 / 31 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 2.3 to 2.9 .. –27 to 9 5 / 9 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.5 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 39 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 943.3 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 31.3 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 18 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 5.3 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 7 | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 96 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,161 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 21.5 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.0 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 12 .. 88 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 91 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 16.6 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 805.7 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 433.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -15.2 48.2 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.5 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.2 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,888 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 292.9 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/29/2005 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 12.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 13.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,090 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 35 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 687 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –124 to 37 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 7 / 17 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Senegal
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 14.8 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 23 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.2 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.6 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 8.6 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.7 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 33.5 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 24.1 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 75 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 14.5 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 7,077 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 51 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 69 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,135 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 42.0 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 29.3 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 258 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 154 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 57 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 95 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 246.0 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.0 –10.5 7.1 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.1 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 243 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 142.2 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/16/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
Yes Yes
1
0
n/a n/a
Serbia
Population (millions) | 7.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 39.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | -0.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,810 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.1 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 15 | 18 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.6 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.0 | 7.5 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.8 | .. | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 92 | 89 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 95 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,623 | 2,475 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 47.7 | 85.8 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.5 | 9.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 107 | 22,652 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 92 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 95 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 97 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.8 | 7.7 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 663.2 | 708.0 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 49.9 –8.7 7.8 | 3,110 937 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.6 | 214 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.5 | 76 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,974 | 2,833 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 198.1 | 276.8 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
2.0 to 3.1
.. –125 to -15
3 / 6
–1 / –1
11/29/2010 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 86.5 | GDP ($ millions) | 936.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,760 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 30 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.8 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,970 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –75 to 226 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 18 / 25 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Seychelles
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 43.9 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 41.3 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 42.0 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 14 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 96.5 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.4 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 39.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 15 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 103 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 105 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.8 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 404.4 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 –0.8 .. | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,411 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 120.0 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/15/2020 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 5.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 1.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 340 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 2.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,526 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –96 to 128 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 9 / 24 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Sierra Leone
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.1 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 53.4 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 174 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 21.3 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 36,141 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 13 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 49 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,402 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 8.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 168 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 141 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 68 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 332.2 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.3 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 1/8/2007 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | Yes | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 0 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Singapore
Population (millions) | 5.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 222.7 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 41,430 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 23 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 2,497 –134 to 49 12 / 26 –3 / –3 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 8.1 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 12.1 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 95 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.6 .. .. | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.3 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 100.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 17.3 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 1 .. .. | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.7 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 139.0 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 32.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. 2.2 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.1 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,704 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 80.2 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 11/12/2010 (2nd) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | n/a Yes, with Goal n/a .. | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 37.9 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | .. | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | .. | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | .. | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | .. | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a
Slovak Republic
Population (millions) | 5.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 89.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 16,210 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 12 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.9 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 824 –44 to 45 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.2 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.0 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 23.5 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,327 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 87.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.6 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.6 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 48 .. 97 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.9 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 338.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 37.6 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | –3.4 3.9 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.4 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,178 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 165.1 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 2/15/2010 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a 0
0
Slovenia
Population (millions) | 2.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 47.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 24,000 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 14 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,161 –93 to 5 3 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | –0.1 0.0 .. | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.9 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 12.1 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,257 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 10.6 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.8 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 37 .. 96 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 312.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 17.2 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –8.5 3.5 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,455 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 138.3 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
4/6/2010 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Solomon Islands
Population (thousands) | 538.1 | GDP ($ millions) | 678.6 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,030 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 3,028 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –107 to 314 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 22 / 27 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 11.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 13.4 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.3 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.1 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 27 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 11.5 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 13,718 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 29 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 69 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,265 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 2.4 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 35.0 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 5 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.0 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 74 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.7 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 94 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.4 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 160.1 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.2 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 129 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 55.5 | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
9/29/2004 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 9.3 | GDP ($ millions) | .. |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 33 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 282 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –4 to 111 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 9 / 21 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Somalia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 16 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 4.6 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 55.0 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.6 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 180 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 32.8 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 8,711 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 23 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 30 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 371 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 11.8 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 1 .. .. .. .. | 11,957 67 | 4,471 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 53 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.6 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 590 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 334 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. .. | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 689 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 308.4 | 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | .. | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | .. | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 50.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 363.7 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 6,090 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 25 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 495 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –78 to 33 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 10 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
South Africa
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.5 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 34 | 14 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.6 | 4.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 27.9 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 17.4 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.9 | 11.7 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 57 | 121 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 24.6 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 80 | 26,113 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 77 | 31 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 91 | 60 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,414 | 1,297 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 75.0 | 32.5 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 17.3 | 18.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.9 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 2,107 | 11,957 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 35 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 67 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 89 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.9 | 0.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 930.3 | 428.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 435.9 –18.6 63.8 | 685 590 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 24.0 | 334 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.6 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,921 | 689 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 312.7 | 308.4 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/11/2003 (1st)
n/a Yes, with Goal
n/a Yes
20
1,900
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 46.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 1,407.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 31,750 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 8 / 19 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 2.6 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 636 112 to -18 4 / 8 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 24 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.7 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 33.4 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 11.9 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 8.6 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,940 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 99.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 8.9 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 44 .. 103 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.2 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 255.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 329.3 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –28.6 36.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 26.5 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 9.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,781 | 4,944 | ||
Spain
–
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 103.2 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/18/2009 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a 3
0
Sri Lanka
Population (millions) | 20.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 49.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,240 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Country South | Lower middle | ||
data Asia | income | ||
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.4 | 4.4 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 13 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 24.5 | 50.6 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 7.0 | 40.3 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 20.8 | 6.1 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 17 | 67 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 21.6 | 42.5 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 21 | 1,127 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 91 | 36 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 90 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,664 | 2,728 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 76.6 | 62.1 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 81.0 | 58.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 72 | 73,548 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 89 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 97 | 86 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 92 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 138.5 | 504.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 11.8 379.1 10.2 | 1,970 846 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.1 | 268 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 9 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 449 | 532 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 105.5 | 193.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
23 / 31
to 1.8
1,712
11 to 196
8 / 24
–3 / –3
11/6/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
7
238
n/a n/a
St. Kitts and Nevis
Population (thousands) | 52.4 | GDP ($ millions) | 526.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,520 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
21 / 28
to 1.8
2,133
–102 to 32
12 / 23
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 19.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 22.1 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.6 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 5.8 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 24.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 13 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 95 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.9 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 350.5 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 –0.1 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,645 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 122.1 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
St. Lucia
Population (thousands) | 174.0 | GDP ($ millions) | 932.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,970 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
22 / 29
to 1.7
2,301
–159 to 14
14 / 24
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 8.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 8.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 20.9 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.3 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 89 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.6 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 13.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 11 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 52 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 4.0 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 96 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.3 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 253.7 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 -0.3 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 760 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 82.7 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 30.2 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | .. | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | .. | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | .. | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | .. | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | .. | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | .. | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | .. | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | .. | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
St. Martin (French part)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a n/a
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Population (thousands) | 109.3 | GDP ($ millions) | 561.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,850 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
23 / 30
to 1.7
1,583
–165 to 15
15 / 25
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 22.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 22.0 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 10.9 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 21 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,387 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 70.0 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.5 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 17.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 35 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 75 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 109 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.8 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 215.2 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1997, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 –0.1 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 642 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 75.7 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/21/2000 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 43.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 62.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,270 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 34 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.6 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 417 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –69 to 44 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 5 / 17 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Sudan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.2 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 12 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.1 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 2.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 123.8 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.0 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.9 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 103 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 31.7 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 12,805 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 34 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 57 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 587 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 35.9 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 36.3 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.7 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 478 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 135 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 57 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 89 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 173.2 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 14.1 17.8 67.4 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 49.5 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 372 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 187.5 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
6/7/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Suriname
Population (thousands) | 524.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 5,920 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
21 / 30
1.9 to 2.9
2,331
–138 to 107
10 / 27
–2 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 68.2 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.8 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 15.5 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.4 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 31 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 7.5 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 681 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 84 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 93 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,750 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 26.3 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.1 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –2.9 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 60 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 158 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 88 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 107 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.7 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 697.7 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.4 1.5 .. | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,400 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 213.8 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/27/2006 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 1.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,630 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 16 / 27 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 788 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –82 to 34 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 11 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Swaziland
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 9.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 39.5 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 62.9 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.0 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 78 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.1 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 57 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 55 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 69 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,148 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 30.0 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 15 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 124 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 72 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 92 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 205.6 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.1 –3.3 .. | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 373 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 81.5 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/21/2002 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Sweden
Population (millions) | 9.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 458.0 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 50,000 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | –2 / 6 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 624 35 to 107 2 / 4 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.5 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.6 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.3 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 3 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,086 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 23.6 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 15.2 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 14 .. 95 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 155.1 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 49.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | –41.6 11.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.9 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 5,414 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 160.7 | 147.0 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 2/4/2010 (5th) | |||
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission NAPA submission Renewable energy target | 20% / 30% (EU) n/a n/a Yes | |||
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a n/a 0
0
Switzerland
Population (millions) | 7.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 523.8 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 70,030 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 9 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,537 –89 to 11 3 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 15 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.5 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 22.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 6,579 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.1 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | –1.2 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 4.8 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 26 .. 96 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 98 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 5.3 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 138.7 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 40.4 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) 0.1 4.7 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.4 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,362 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
89.8 147.0
12/14/2009 (5th)
20% / 30%
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 20.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 59.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,790 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 11 / 25 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 3.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 318 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –57 to -13 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –1 | ||
Syrian Arab Republic
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.3 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 34 | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 235.0 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 8.9 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.6 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 10.0 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 89 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,708 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 92.7 | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 91.0 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 65 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 134 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 112 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 3.6 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 808.0 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 71.6 .. 12.5 | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.5 | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,123 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 239.5 | 213.9 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/29/2010 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
3
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 6.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 5.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 800 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | -4 / 8 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.3 to 3.4 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 491 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –46 to 27 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Tajikistan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 5.4 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 18.0 | 6.5 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 14.8 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 21.5 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.1 | 7.5 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 63 | 23 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 14.9 | .. | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 9 | .. | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 94 | 89 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 70 | 95 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,731 | 2,475 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 85.8 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.0 | 9.9 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.3 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 56 | 22,652 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 147 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 98 | 95 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 91 | 97 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.5 | 7.7 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 264.0 | 708.0 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2003, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.1 –1.9 3.9 | 3,110 937 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.4 | 214 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.4 | 76 | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 342 | 2,833 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 180.3 | 276.8 | 303.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/31/2008 (2nd)
n/a Yes n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 44.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 23.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.8 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 530 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 17 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.2 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,071 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –9 to 167 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 22 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Tanzania
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.3 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 7 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.5 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.2 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 67.9 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 27.7 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 76 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.7 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 24,088 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 24 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 54 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,110 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 13.9 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 7.4 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 625 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 127 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.3 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 102 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 130.4 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.5 913.6 32.0 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 21.6 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 451 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 373.1 | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
7/4/2003 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
1
56
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 69.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 318.8 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,150 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 31 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.7 to 2.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,622 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –109 to 76 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 17 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Thailand
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 13.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 10 | .. | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.7 | 3.3 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 3.8 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 25.5 | 10.8 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 19.6 | 14.9 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 13 | 24 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 7.0 | 9.0 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 322 | 525 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 59 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 88 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,951 | 4,860 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.3 | 90.8 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 98.5 | 15.9 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.8 | 2.8 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 4,720 | 14,638 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 17 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 103 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 567.3 | 827.1 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 285.7 –7.9 83.3 | 8,259 1,928 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 22.3 | 707 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.1 | .. | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,504 | 1,436 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 210.0 | 259.5 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
3/24/2011 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
55
902
n/a n/a
Timor-Leste
Population (millions) | 1.1 | GDP ($ millions) | 701.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,220 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.4 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 37.4 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.0 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 55 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 41.5 | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 46,380 | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 50 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 69 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,316 | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 22.0 | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 39.9 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 168 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.7 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 80 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 95 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 234.5 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 .. .. | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 58 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 84.9 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
to 1.7
.. –123 to 206
16 / 26
–3 / –3
12/20/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Togo
Population (millions) | 6.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 3.2 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 490 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 33 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.5 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,168 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –175 to 100 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 21 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||||
Sub- | |||||
Country | Saharan | Low | |||
data | Africa | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 6.1 | 2.0 | 5.1 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 28 | 14 | 11 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.5 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 38.7 | 50.9 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 11.3 | 11.7 | 10.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 103 | 121 | 108 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 22.3 | 24.6 | 28.3 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 30,388 | 26,113 | 16,659 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 12 | 31 | 35 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 60 | 60 | 63 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,398 | 1,297 | 2,047 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 20.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 21.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 23 | 11,957 | 4,471 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 162 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.6 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 61 | 67 | 65 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 75 | 89 | 91 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 280.6 | 428.6 | 270.2 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 1.4 | 685 | 219 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1998, MtCO2e) 28.1 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.9 | 590 | 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.7 | 334 | 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 445 | 689 | 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 503.1 | 308.4 | 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
7/21/2005 (1st)
n/a Yes Yes
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 104.1 | GDP ($ millions) | 357.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,390 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 23 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,966 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –13 to 182 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 8 / 14 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||
Tonga
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 40.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 31.3 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.0 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.5 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 27.0 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 10 | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 58 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 105 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 413.9 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 –0.3 .. | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 567 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 139.9 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
..
..
n/a n/a
Trinidad and Tobago
Population (millions) | 1.3 | GDP ($ billions) | 20.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 15,400 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.5 to 2.1 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,787 –266 to 8 15 / 26 –3 / –3 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 8.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.5 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.0 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 6.0 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 12.7 | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 4.2 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 31.2 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 27 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.4 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 92 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,598 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 51.1 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.7 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.7 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 68 .. 93 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 37.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,552.9 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 49.8 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1990, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -1.5 10.1 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 15,158 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 654.9 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/30/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 10.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 44.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,060 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 25 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.6 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 313 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –57 to –16 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 7 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Tunisia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Upper middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 9.5 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 20 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 67.6 | 121.9 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.1 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 2.6 | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.3 | 4.0 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 16 | 34 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.3 | 6.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 85 | 84 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 87 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,813 | 2,512 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.5 | 92.9 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 75.2 | 74.3 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 4.5 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 1,061 | 5,854 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 46 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 90 | 88 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 103 | 93 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.4 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 329.2 | 604.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 25.0 –1.8 8.2 | 1,230 287 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.4 | 74 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 7 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 881 | 1,399 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 117.4 | 213.9 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/27/2001 (1st)
n/a Yes n/a Yes
2
0
n/a n/a
Turkey
Population (millions) | 72.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 735.3 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 9,890 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 17 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.9 to 2.9 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 593 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –103 to -29 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||||
Europe & | Upper | ||||
Country | Central | middle | |||
data | Asia | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.4 | 3.0 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 29 | 18 | 22 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | 0.3 | 2.3 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 17.7 | 6.5 | 5.6 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 13.4 | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 2.7 | 3.7 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 1.9 | 7.5 | 13.6 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 18 | 23 | 20 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.5 | .. | 4.1 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 80 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 90 | 89 | 68 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 95 | 92 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,808 | 2,475 | 3,690 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 98.0 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 85.8 | 50.5 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.6 | 9.9 | 4.5 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 6,606 | 22,652 | 26,166 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 71 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 93 | 95 | 98 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 93 | 97 | 103 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.0 | 7.7 | 5.3 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 322.8 | 708.0 | 659.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 284.0 | 3,110 | 12,860 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) –82.5 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 64.3 | 937 | 3,455 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 32.8 | 214 | 1,144 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 5.1 | 76 | 243 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,440 | 2,833 | 1,848 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 114.9 | 276.8 | 227.1 | ||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/20/2007 (4th)
..
n/a n/a Yes
n/a n/a
..
..
Population (millions) | 5.0 | GDP ($ billions) | 21.1 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,800 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 9 / 22 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.8 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 162 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –32 to 12 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Turkmenistan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 5.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 5.6 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1,831.6 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 24.8 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.0 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 56 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 10.5 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 98 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 83 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,203 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 81.2 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 7.0 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 9.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 44 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 9.7 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,537.5 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 47.8 -0.8 28.0 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 4.3 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,933 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 593.2 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/29/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 38.4 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 6.0 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 31 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 3,035 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –87 to 52 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 11 / 18 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –2 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 53.3 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 53.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | .. | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 42.9 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 96 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.3 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.4 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.2 | 13,285 | ||
Turks and Caicos Islands
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
Tuvalu
Population (thousands) | 9.8 | GDP ($ millions) | 31.4 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 4,530 | ||
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 25 / 31 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 1.9 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 3,035 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | 9 to 651 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 24 / 27 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
Country | East Asia & | Lower middle | |||
Exposure to Impacts | data | Pacific | income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 100.0 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 100.0 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. .. .. | 3.3 10.8 | 2.8 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.4 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 33 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.6 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 84 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 97 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.8 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. .. .. 99 | 14,638 97 | 81,789 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 112 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 1,928 1,705 | ||||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 707 687 | ||||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. 17 | ||||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 1,436 680 | ||||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 259.5 217.9 | ||||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/30/1999 (1st) | ||||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||||
NAMA submission | .. | ||||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | .. | ||||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | .. | ||||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||||
Population (millions) | 33.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 17.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.2 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 500 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 17 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.3 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,180 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –13 to 224 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 26 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –3 | ||
Uganda
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 5 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.9 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 0.8 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 37.7 | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 9.7 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 99 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 16.4 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 36,233 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 48 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 67 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,539 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 9.0 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 23.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 257 .. 123 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.2 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 73 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 110.8 | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 3.7 | 685 | 219 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 8.3 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 590 436 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | 334 209 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. | .. .. | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. | 689 365 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. | 308.4 303.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | 10/26/2002 (1st) | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | .. | ||
NAPA submission | Yes | ||
Renewable energy target | Yes | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 5 | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 0 | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 45.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 137.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | -0.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 3,010 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 4 / 13 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 565 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | -43 to 31 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 5 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –2 | ||
Ukraine
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 2.1 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 14 | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | -0.5 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 72.5 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 5.3 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 3.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 13 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 0.9 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 95 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 98 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,004 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 97.8 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 11.6 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 423 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 152 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 7.0 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,040.6 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 323.5 –19.2 70.4 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 26.1 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.7 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,507 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 435.9 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
2/8/2010 (5th)
20%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a 80
39,780
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 247.1 | 147.0 |
National-Level Actions | |
Latest UNFCCC national communication | 4/7/2010 (2nd) |
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a |
NAMA submission | .. |
NAPA submission | n/a |
Renewable energy target | .. |
Carbon Markets | |
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | 5 |
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | 80 |
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a |
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a |
United Arab Emirates
Population (millions) | 7.5 | GDP ($ billions) | 230.3 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 7.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 33 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 2.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 78 –26 to 17 4 / 9 –2 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 4.6 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 7.3 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 21 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 7.0 .. 2,032.0 | 1.0 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 5.6 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 7 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 97 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,000 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 100.0 | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 6.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.7 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 33 .. 99 | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 25.0 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 638.6 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 155.1 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) -9.7 23.3 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.1 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 8,588 | 4,944 | ||
United Kingdom
Population (millions) | 62.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 2,246.1 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 38,560 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 5 / 12 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.1 to 1.8 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 1,220 –10 to 66 3 / 5 –1 / –2 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 7.6 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 8.6 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 26 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.0 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 10.0 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 24.4 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 5 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,072 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 13.0 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.1 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. .. 7 .. .. | .. 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 8.5 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 251.5 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 522.9 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –4.1 65.8 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 30.6 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.4 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 3,283 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 1990) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
102.0 147.0
6/12/2009 (5th)
20% / 30% (EU)
n/a n/a Yes
n/a
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
n/a
..
..
United States
Population (millions) | 309.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 14,582.4 | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.1 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 47,240 | |
Climate Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 2 / 15 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.0 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | 736 –26 to 98 3 / 6 –1 / –1 | |||
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | High income | ||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.1 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 45 | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.5 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 17.0 | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 14.8 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 8 | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 1.3 | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 99 | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 7,238 | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 67.4 | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.8 | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.6 | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.5 | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 4 .. 96 | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 101 | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 17.9 | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 414.8 | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 5,461.0 | 13,285 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2009, MtCO2 Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | e) –990.1 548.1 | 1,539 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 317.2 | 813 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 239.5 | 460 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 7,232 | 4,944 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) 169.6 147.0
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target (base year: 2005) NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/28/2010 (5th)
17%
n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a
..
..
Uruguay
Population (millions) | 3.4 | GDP ($ billions) | 40.3 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 10,590 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
12 / 23
to 1.8
1,265
0 to 130
2 / 6
–1 / –1
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 4.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 49 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.3 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 5.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 1.2 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | <2 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.3 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 11 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 6.0 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 100 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,045 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 98.3 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 9.3 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 4.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 42 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 90 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 106 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 2.5 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 214.0 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2004, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 8.3 –10.3 19.6 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 7.0 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.1 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,224 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 102.5 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
National-Level Actions | |||
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
11/18/2010 (3rd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
6
41
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 28.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 39.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.6 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,280 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 6 / 18 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 3.0 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 206 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –26 to 17 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 3 / 6 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Uzbekistan
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Europe & Central Asia | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.1 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 8 | 18 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 364.8 | 6.5 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 46.3 | 3.7 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 2.3 | 7.5 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 52 | 23 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 4.4 | .. | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 0 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 100 | 89 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 87 | 95 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 4,269 | 2,475 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 87.3 | 85.8 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 13.4 | 9.9 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 644 | 22,652 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 166 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 92 | 95 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 99 | 97 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 4.6 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 1,862.7 | 708.0 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2005, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 124.9 0.4 39.6 | 3,110 937 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 10.0 | 214 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.6 | 76 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 1,758 | 2,833 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 673.3 | 276.8 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/3/2008 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a
..
11
0
n/a n/a
Vanuatu
Population (thousands) | 239.7 | GDP ($ millions) | 729.0 | ||
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 2,760 | ||
Climate | |||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 27 | ||||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | ||||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,876 | ||||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –163 to 180 | ||||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 10 / 19 | ||||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | ||||
East | Lower | ||||
Country | Asia & | middle | |||
data | Pacific | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | |||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 11.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 10.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | 14 | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 4.0 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.8 | 18.7 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 16.8 | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 4.3 | 14.9 | 9.5 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 14 | 24 | 69 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 11.7 | 9.0 | 31.7 | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 6,036 | 525 | 4,874 | ||
Resilience | |||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 52 | 59 | 45 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 83 | 88 | 84 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 565 | 4,860 | 2,754 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 90.8 | 67.3 | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 23.9 | 15.9 | 29.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 1.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 5.3 | 3.0 | 2.4 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 35 | 14,638 | 81,789 | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.0 | ||||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 76 | ||||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.4 | ||||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 83 | 97 | 88 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 100 | 103 | 93 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.4 | 4.3 | 1.6 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 98.7 | 827.1 | 523.9 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 0.1 | 8,259 | 3,744 | ||
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) 0.0 | |||||
Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 1,928 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | 707 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | .. | .. | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 157 | 1,436 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 40.1 | 259.5 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions | |||||
Latest UNFCCC national communication
Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/30/1999 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Venezuela, RB
Population (millions) | 28.8 | GDP ($ billions) | 387.9 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 11,590 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
20 / 30
to 2.9
1,875
–150 to 85
9 / 27
–3 / –3
Exposure to Impacts | |||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 3.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 32 | 35 | 22 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 1.3 | 2.0 | 5.6 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 3.0 | 8.1 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 53.7 | 20.8 | 13.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 18 | 23 | 20 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 263 | 206 | 80 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 91 | 79 | 68 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 93 | 93 | 92 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 3,695 | 3,337 | 3,690 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 99.0 | 93.4 | 98.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 33.6 | 28.1 | 50.5 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 3.1 | 6.9 | 4.5 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | -0.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 423 | 33,064 | 26,166 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 177 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 95 | 102 | 98 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 102 | 102 | 103 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 6.1 | 2.8 | 5.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 516.2 | 285.6 | 659.4 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1999, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 169.5 –14.3 61.2 | 1,584 1,009 | 12,860 3,455 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 14.9 | 442 | 1,144 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 2.5 | 21 | 243 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 2,357 | 1,245 | 1,848 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 210.6 | 130.6 | 227.1 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/13/2005 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
..
..
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 86.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 103.6 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 1.4 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,110 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 21 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.4 to 2.1 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,821 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –107 to 61 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 14 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –1 / –1 | ||
Vietnam
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | East Asia & Pacific | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 17.5 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 42.8 | 10.3 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 13 | .. | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 1.6 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 22.8 | 10.8 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | 13.1 | 16.8 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 6.2 | 14.9 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 23 | 24 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 20.2 | 9.0 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 55 | 525 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 75 | 59 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 94 | 88 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 5,075 | 4,860 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 97.6 | 90.8 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 47.6 | 15.9 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 7.7 | 3.0 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 155 | 14,638 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 98 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.6 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 102 | 97 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 93 | 103 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.5 | 4.3 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 573.2 | 827.1 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (2000, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 127.4 15.1 83.0 | 8,259 1,928 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 23.0 | 707 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 745 | 1,436 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 273.7 | 259.5 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
12/7/2010 (2nd)
n/a
..
n/a Yes
78
6,646
n/a n/a
Population (thousands) | 109.8 | GDP ($ millions) | .. | |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.3 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | .. | |
Climate | ||||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 22 / 30 | |||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 1.3 to 1.7 | |||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 2,263 | |||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –116 to 44 | |||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 12 / 23 | |||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –3 / –3 | |||
Country | High | |||
data | income | |||
Exposure to Impacts | ||||
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 31.0 | 2.2 | ||
Population below 5m (% of total) | 21.9 | 7.7 | ||
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | .. | ||
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 0.7 | 1.0 | ||
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | |||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | .. | 10.4 | ||
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | ||
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | .. | ||
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 15.2 | 13.4 | ||
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | .. | 6 | ||
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | .. | .. | ||
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | ||
Resilience | ||||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | .. | 100 | ||
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | .. | 5,445 | ||
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | .. | ||
Paved roads (% of total roads) | .. | 87.3 | ||
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | .. | 10.7 | ||
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | .. | 1.8 | ||
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | .. | .. | ||
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | |||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | .. | |||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | .. | |||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | ||
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | .. | 100 | ||
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | ||||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | .. | 11.9 | ||
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 354.4 | ||
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | .. | 13,285 | ||
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e)
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent)
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $)
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
..
.. 1,539
.. 813
.. 460
.. 4,944
.. 147.0
n/a n/a n/a n/a
..
n/a n/a n/a n/a
West Bank and Gaza
Population (millions) | 4.2 | GDP ($ billions) | 4.0 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.7 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,250 |
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm)
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights
..
2.0 to 2.6
.. –40 to –13
4 / 8
–2 / –2
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 14.8 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 11.2 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | .. | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 4.0 .. 51.5 | 2.5 121.9 | 2.8 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 4.6 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 22 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 2.2 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | .. | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 89 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 91 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,565 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | .. | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 100.0 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 47 .. 131 .. 82 | 5,854 88 | 81,789 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 104 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.5 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 311.3 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) | 2.1 | 1,230 | 3,744 |
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (MtCO2e) .. Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 287 | 1,705 | ||
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 74 | 687 | ||
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) .. 7 | 17 | ||
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) .. 1,399 | 680 | ||
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) .. 213.9 | 217.9 | ||
National-Level Actions Latest UNFCCC national communication | n/a | ||
Annex-I emissions reduction target | n/a | ||
NAMA submission | n/a | ||
NAPA submission | n/a | ||
Renewable energy target | .. | ||
Carbon Markets Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) | n/a | ||
Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects | n/a | ||
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands) | n/a | ||
Population (millions) | 24.1 | GDP ($ billions) | 26.4 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 3.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,070 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 19 / 29 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.0 to 2.6 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 167 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –24 to 51 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 6 / 13 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Yemen, Rep.
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Middle East & N. Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 1.8 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 10 | 20 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 5.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 0.1 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 161.4 | 121.9 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | 3.3 | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 3.6 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 0.5 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 77 | 34 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 43.1 | 6.8 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 1,106 | .. | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 52 | 84 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 62 | 87 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 1,003 | 2,512 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 39.6 | 92.9 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 8.7 | 74.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.3 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 0.5 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 59 | 5,854 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 2.3 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 99 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.9 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 61 | 88 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 66 | 93 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 1.0 | 3.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 458.8 | 604.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1995, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 23.4 –9.7 6.7 | 1,230 287 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 3.3 | 74 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | 7 | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 324 | 1,399 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 143.0 | 213.9 | 217.9 |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
10/29/2001 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
0
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 12.9 | GDP ($ billions) | 16.2 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 2.5 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 1,070 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 15 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.1 to 2.7 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 1,020 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –54 to 94 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 18 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Zambia
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Lower middle income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 11 | 14 | 14 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.0 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | 4.2 | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 2.2 | 3.2 | 18.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 36.0 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 111 | 121 | 69 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 14.9 | 24.6 | 31.7 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 13,456 | 26,113 | 4,874 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 49 | 31 | 45 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 60 | 60 | 84 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 2,067 | 1,297 | 2,754 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 18.8 | 32.5 | 67.3 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 22.0 | 18.3 | 29.3 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 6.4 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 453 | 11,957 | 81,789 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | 3.8 | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 84 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 3.1 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 87 | 67 | 88 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 96 | 89 | 93 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 119.4 | 428.6 | 523.9 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 1.9 3.5 19.3 | 685 590 | 3,744 1,705 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 25.1 | 334 | 687 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | 17 |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 617 | 689 | 680 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | 466.8 | 308.4 | 217.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
8/18/2004 (1st)
n/a
..
Yes
..
1
0
n/a n/a
Population (millions) | 12.6 | GDP ($ billions) | 7.5 |
Pop. growth (avg. ann. %, 1990–2010) | 0.9 | GNI per capita (Atlas $) | 460 |
Climate | |||
Average daily min/max temperature (1961–90, Celsius) | 14 / 28 | ||
Projected annual temperature change (2045–65, Celsius) | 2.2 to 2.9 | ||
Average annual precipitation (1961–90, mm) | 692 | ||
Projected annual precipitation change (2045–65, mm) | –81 to 24 | ||
Projected change in annual hot days/warm nights | 4 / 13 | ||
Projected change in annual cool days/cold nights | –2 / –2 | ||
Zimbabwe
Exposure to Impacts | Country data | Sub- Saharan Africa | Low income |
Land area below 5m (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Population below 5m (% of total) | 0.0 | 2.0 | 5.1 |
Population in urban agglomerations > 1 million (%) | 13 | 14 | 11 |
Urban pop. growth (avg. annual %, 1990–2010) | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
Droughts, floods, extreme temps (% pop. avg., 1990–2009) | .. | ||
Annual freshwater withdrawals (% of internal resources) | 34.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Agricultural land under irrigation (% of total ag. land) | .. | .. | .. |
Population living below $1.25 a day (% of total) | .. | 50.9 | .. |
Nationally terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | 28.0 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) | 80 | 121 | 108 |
Child malnutrition, underweight (% of under age five) | 14.0 | 24.6 | 28.3 |
Malaria incidence rate (per 100,000 people) | 7,480 | 26,113 | 16,659 |
Resilience | |||
Access to improved sanitation (% of total pop.) | 44 | 31 | 35 |
Access to improved water source (% of total pop.) | 82 | 60 | 63 |
Cereal yield (kg. per hectare) | 450 | 1,297 | 2,047 |
Access to electricity (% of total population) | 41.5 | 32.5 | 23.0 |
Paved roads (% of total roads) | 19.0 | 18.3 | 14.1 |
Health workers (per 1,000 people) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) | 301 | 11,957 | 4,471 |
Disaster risk reduction progress score (1–5 scale; 5 = best) | .. | ||
Ease of doing business (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) | 171 | ||
Public sector mgmt & institutions avg. (1–6 scale; 6 = best) | 2.1 | ||
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 81 | 67 | 65 |
Ratio of girls to boys in primary & secondary school (%) | 97 | 89 | 91 |
GHG Emissions and Energy Use | |||
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
CO2 emissions per units of GDP (kg/$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 428.6 | 270.2 |
CO2 emissions, total (MtCO2) GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (1994, MtCO2e) Methane (CH4) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 9.1 –62.2 9.5 | 685 590 | 219 436 |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 6.1 | 334 | 209 |
Other GHG emissions, total (MtCO2e) | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Energy use per capita (kilograms of oil equivalent) | 763 | 689 | 365 |
Energy use per units of GDP (kg oil eq./$1,000 of 2005 PPP $) | .. | 308.4 | 303.9 |
National-Level Actions |
Latest UNFCCC national communication Annex-I emissions reduction target NAMA submission
NAPA submission Renewable energy target
Hosted Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects
Issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from CDM (thousands) Hosted Joint Implementation (JI) projects
Issued Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI (thousands)
5/25/1998 (1st)
n/a
..
n/a
..
0
0
n/a n/a
2010 saw a new record for global investment in renewable power and fuels1 of $211 billion. This reflects a 32 percent increase in investments compared to 2009 and nearly seven-fold increase compared to 2004. Investment levels were boosted particularly by wind farm development in China and small-scale solar photovoltaic installations on rooftops in Europe.
Asset finance for utility-scale generation and biofuel projects reached $128 billion in 2010 rising from 19 percent in 2009. Over the same period, invest- ment in small distributed capacity soared 91 percent to $60 billion. Though renewable power capacity remains a small fraction of total world power capacity at around 8 percent (excluding large hydropower), its share in overall new power capacity additions is gradually increasing and has risen from about 10 percent to 34 percent between 2004 and 2010. Investment in renewable energy (excluding large hydropower) is also progressively catching up with investment in fossil fuel–based generation capacity. Investment in small-scale renewable heat (e.g., biomass heating, ground- and air- source heating, and solar water heating) is also gaining traction. In 2010, invest- ment in solar water heating alone was estimated at $10 billion.2
Other segments of the value chain also grew over the period 2009–10: venture capital for young firms rose 59 percent to $2.4 billion; equity-raising on the public markets by quoted renewable energy companies grew 23 per- cent to $15.4 billion; and government-funded research and development increased by 121 percent to $5.3 billion as more “green stimulus” funds arrived in the sector. Only two areas of investment declined over this period. Corporate research, development, and deployment dropped 12 percent to
$3.3 billion as companies retrenched in the face of economic difficulties. Expansion capital provided by private equity funds for renewable energy companies also decreased by 1 percent to $3.1 billion.
For the first time, developing countries overtook industrialized countries in financial new investment (i.e., total investment minus small-scale projects and government and corporate research and development [R&D]). Financial new investment exceeded $72 billion in developing countries and just over
$70 billion in developed countries. This compares to a ratio of nearly four- to-one for equivalent investment in favor of developed countries in 2004. Importantly, developing countries are starting to host the development of a range of new renewable energy technologies for specific, local applica- tions from rice-husk power generation to solar telecommunications towers.
China attracted the most investment in renewable energy for the second year in a row. In 2010, financial new investment rose 28 percent to almost
$49 billion, representing more than a third of global financial new invest- ment. Expenditure in the United States, ranked second, jumped 58 percent in 2010 to just over $25 billion. Developed economies remain well ahead in
1 This includes all biomass, geothermal, and wind generation project of more than 1 megawatt (MW), all hydro projects of 0.5 to 50.0 MW, all solar projects of more than 0.3 MW, all marine energy projects, and all biofuel projects with a capacity of
1 million liters or more per year.
2 Small-scale renewable heat is not included in the overall renewable energy because it delivers energy services but does not generate power.
Renewable energy in 2010
Table: Global trends in renewable energy investment ($ billion)
Category | 2004 ($ billion) | 2008 ($ billion) | 2009 ($ billion) | 2010 ($ billion) |
New investment by value chain | ||||
Technology development Venture capital | 0.4 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 2.4 |
Government R&D | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 5.3 |
Corporate R&D | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.3 |
Equipment manufacturing Private equity expansion capital | 0.3 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
Public markets | 0.4 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 15.4 |
Projects Asset finance | 18.3 | 114.7 | 107.5 | 127.8 |
of which re-invested equity | 0.0 | –4.5 | –2.4 | –6.0 |
Small distributed capacity | 8.6 | 21.1 | 31.2 | 59.6 |
Total new financial investment | 19 | 132 | 122 | 143 |
R&D, Small distributed capacity | 14 | 26 | 37 | 68 |
Total | 33 | 159 | 160 | 211 |
Mergers and acquisitions Private equity buy-outs | 0.8 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 0.8 |
Public markets investor exits | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.3 |
Coporate mergers and acquisitions | 2.4 | 18.0 | 21.6 | 20.2 |
Project acquisitions and refinancing | 5.3 | 40.7 | 39.3 | 35.6 |
Total | 9 | 65 | 66 | 58 |
Financial new investment by technology Biofuels | 1.6 | 18.7 | 6.9 | 5.5 |
Biomass and w-t-e | 3.7 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 11.0 |
Geothermal | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Marine | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Small hydro | 1.1 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 3.2 |
Solar | 0.5 | 33.3 | 25.3 | 26.1 |
Wind | 11.3 | 62.7 | 72.7 | 94.7 |
Total | 19 | 132 | 122 | 143 |
Financial new investment by geography Global Asia and Oceania | 5.6 | 34.4 | 45.7 | 59.3 |
Europe | 9.0 | 47.6 | 45.0 | 35.2 |
Middle East and Africa | 0.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 5.0 |
North America | 3.8 | 32.3 | 19.7 | 30.1 |
South America | 0.5 | 15.7 | 9.4 | 13.1 |
Total | 19 | 132 | 122 | 143 |
Select developing countries Brazil | 0.4 | 13.2 | 7.3 | 6.9 |
China | 1.5 | 23.9 | 38.3 | 48.9 |
India | 1.3 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 3.8 |
Africa | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 3.6 |
Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2011).
Notes: New investment volume adjusts for re-invested equity. Total values include estimates of undisclosed deals. R&D = research and development, w-t-e = waste-to-energy.
Renewable energy in 2010
investment for small-scale projects and R&D, which are not included in the financial new investment measure. Germany had the highest investment in small-scale projects in 2010 at $34.3 billion (60 percent of the world total).
Wind remains the leading technology, with solar now a close second. Finan- cial new investment in wind energy and investment in small distributed wind capacity reached $95 billion in 2010 (up 30 percent from 2009). The majority of this investment was asset finance ($90 billion). Financial new invest- ment in solar energy and small distributed solar capacity rose 52 percent in 2010 compared to 2009 to reach $86 billion. Small distributed capacity represented 70 percent of this investment.
Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2011).
GHG Emissions
Country | City | Year | Population (thousands) | Total (MtCO2e) | Per capita |
Belgium | Brussels | 2005 | 1,007 | 7.55 | 7.5 |
Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 1998 | 5,633 | 12.11 | 2.1 |
São Paulo | 2000 | 10,434 | 14.22 | 1.4 | |
Canada | Calgary | 2003 | 922 | .. | 17.7 |
Toronto (Metro Area) | 2005 | 5,556 | 64.22 | 11.6 | |
China | Beijing | 2006 | 15,810 | 159 | 10.1 |
Shanghai | 2006 | 18,150 | 211.98 | 11.7 | |
Tianjin | 2006 | 10,750 | 119.25 | 11.1 | |
Czech Republic | Prague | 2005 | 1,182 | 11.03 | 9.4 |
Finland | Helsinki | 2005 | 989 | 6.94 | 7.0 |
France | Paris (Île-de-France) | 2005 | 11,532 | 59.64 | 5.2 |
Germany | Frankfurt | 2005 | 3,778 | 51.61 | 13.7 |
Hamburg | 2005 | 4,260 | 41.52 | 9.7 | |
Stuttgart | 2005 | 2,668 | 42.57 | 16.0 | |
Greece | Athens | 2005 | 3,989 | 41.57 | 10.4 |
Italy | Bologna (Province) | 2005 | 900 | 9.97 | 11.1 |
Naples (Province) | 2005 | 3,087 | 12.49 | 4.0 | |
Turin | 2005 | 2,243 | 21.86 | 9.7 | |
Veneto (Province) | 2005 | 4,738 | 47.29 | 10.0 | |
Japan | Tokyo | 2006 | 12,678 | 62.02 | 4.89 |
Jordan | Amman | 2008 | .. | .. | 3.25 |
Netherlands | Rotterdam | 2005 | 593 | 17.64 | 29.8 |
Norway | Oslo | 2005 | 1,040 | 3.63 | 3.5 |
Portugal | Porto | 2005 | 1,667 | 12.14 | 7.3 |
Slovenia | Ljubljana | 2005 | 500 | 4.77 | 9.5 |
South Africa | Cape Town | 2005 | 3,497 | 40.43 | 7.6 |
Spain | Barcelona | 2006 | 1,606 | 6.74 | 4.2 |
Madrid | 2005 | 5,964 | 40.98 | 6.9 | |
Sweden | Stockholm | 2005 | 1,890 | 6.88 | 3.6 |
Switzerland | Geneva | 2005 | 432 | 3.35 | 7.8 |
Thailand | Bangkok | 2005 | 5,659 | 60.44 | 10.7 |
United Kingdom | London (Greater Area) | 2003 | 7,364 | 70.84 | 9.6 |
Glasgow | 2004 | 1,747 | 15.3 | 8.8 | |
United States | Austin | 2005 | 672 | .. | 15.57 |
Denver | 2005 | 580 | 11.08 | 21.5 | |
Los Angeles | 2000 | 9,519 | 124.04 | 13.0 | |
Minneapolis | 2005 | 388 | .. | 18.34 | |
New York City | 2005 | 8,170 | 85.87 | 10.5 | |
Portland, OR | 2005 | 683 | .. | 12.41 | |
Seattle | 2005 | 576 | .. | 13.68 |
Sources: World Bank, 2010, Kennedy et al., 2009.
This table summarizes various renewable energy targets announced by coun- tries. Targets vary significantly with respect to sector coverage, baseline year, methodology, and form, and thus are generally not comparable.
Renewable targets include both voluntary and mandatory targets. Renewable energy targets in italics are expressed as percentages of primary energy; other targets are expressed in terms of final energy. Primary energy typically covers direct use at the supply level before transformation or distribution, while final energy covers energy supplied to consumers.
Renewable energy target | Renewable electricity target | |
Albania | 18% by 2020 | |
Algeria | 5% by 2017 | |
20% by 2030 | ||
Argentina | 40% by 2015 | |
Australia | 20% by 2020 | |
Austria | 34% by 2020 | |
Bangladesh | 5% by 2015 | |
10% by 2020 | ||
Belgium | 13% by 2020 | |
Botswana | 1% by 2016 | |
Brazil | 16% by 2020 | |
Bulgaria | 16% by 2020 | |
Burundi | 2.1% by 2020 | |
Cape Verde | 50% by 2020 | |
Chile | 8% by 2020 | |
China | 15% by 2020 | 3% by 2020 |
Cyprus | 13% by 2020 | |
Czech Republic | 13% by 2020 | 16–17% by 2030 |
Denmark | 20% by 2011 | |
30% by 2020 | ||
Dominican Republic | 10% by 2015 | |
25% by 2020 | ||
Egypt, Arab Rep. | 14% by 2020 | 20% by 2020 |
Estonia | 25% by 2020 | 8% by 2015 |
35% by 2020 | ||
Fiji | 100% by 2013 | |
Finland | 38% by 2020 | |
France | 23% by 2020 | |
Gabon | 80% by 2020 | |
Germany | 18% by 2020 | 50% by 2030 |
30% by 2030 | 65% by 2040 | |
45% by 2040 | 80% by 2050 | |
60% by 2050 | ||
Ghana | 10% by 2020 | |
Greece | 18% by 2020 | |
Hungary | 14.7% by 2020 | |
India | 10% by 2012 | |
Indonesia | 17% by 2025 | |
Ireland | 16% by 2020 | |
Israel | 50% by 2020 | 5% by 2016 |
7% by 2020 | ||
Italy | 17% by 2020 | 26% by 2020 |
Jamaica | 20% by 2030 | 15% by 2020 |
Japan | 10% by 2020 | 1.6% by 2014 |
Jordan | 7% by 2015 | |
10% by 2020 |
Summary of national actions
Renewable energy target | Renewable electricity target | |
Korea, Rep. | 4.3% by 2015 | |
6.1% by 2020 | ||
11% by 2030 | ||
Kuwait | 5% by 2020 | |
Latvia | 40% by 2020 | |
Lebanon | 12% by 2020 | |
Libya | 10% by 2020 | |
30% by 2030 | ||
Lithuania | 23% by 2020 | |
20% by 2025 | ||
Luxembourg | 11% by 2020 | |
Madagascar | 54% by 2020 | 75% by 2020 |
Malawi | 7% by 2020 | |
Maldives | ||
Mali | 15% by 2020 | |
Malta | 10% by 2020 | |
Mauritius | 35% by 2025 | 65% by 2028 |
Mexico | ||
Moldova | 20% by 2020 | |
Mongolia | 20–25% by 2020 | |
Morocco | 10% by 2012 | 20% by 2020 |
8% by 2012 | ||
Netherlands | 14% by 2020 | |
New Zealand | 90% by 2025 | |
Nicaragua | 38% by 2011 | |
Niger | 10% by 2020 | |
Nigeria | 7% by 2025 | |
Pakistan | 10% by 2012 | |
Peru | ||
Philippines | 40% by 2020 | |
Poland | 15% by 2020 | |
14% by 2020 | ||
Portugal | 31% by 2020 | 55–60% by 2020 |
Romania | 24% by 2020 | 35% by 2015 |
38% by 2020 | ||
Russian Federation | 2.5% by 2015 | |
4.5% by 2020 | ||
Rwanda | 90% by 2012 | |
Senegal | 15% by 2025 | |
Slovak Republic | 14% by 2020 | |
Slovenia | 25% by 2020 | |
South Africa | 4% by 2013 | |
13% by 2020 | ||
14% by 2050 | ||
Spain | 20% by 2020 | 40% by 2020 |
Sri Lanka | 10% by 2017 | |
14% by 2022 | ||
Sweden | 50% by 2020 | |
Switzerland | 24% by 2020 | |
Syrian Arab Republic | 4.3% by 2011 | |
Thailand | 20% by 2022 | 11% by 2011 |
14% by 2022 | ||
Tonga | 100% by 2013 | 50% by 2012 |
Tunisia | 11% by 2016 | |
25% by 2030 | ||
Turkey | 30% by 2023 | |
Uganda | 61% by 2017 | |
United Kingdom | 15% by 2020 | 10% by 2010/11 |
15% by 2015/16 | ||
Vietnam | 5% by 2020 | 5% by 2020 |
8% by 2025 | ||
11% by 2050 |
Source: REN21 Secretariat, 2011.
Summary of national actions
This table summarizes GHG emissions reduction goals included by non- Annex-I countries in their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action plans submitted to the UNFCCC. Goals vary significantly with respect to sector coverage, baseline year, methodology, and form, and thus are generally not comparable.
NAMA emissions goal
Antigua and Barbuda GHG emission reduction of 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 Bhutan Efforts to remain GHG neutral
Brazil GHG reduction of 36.1–38.9% below its BAU emissions in 2020
Chile GHG reduction of 20% below its BAU emissions in 2020
China Reduce CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40–45% by 2020 compared to 2005
Colombia 77% of total electric capacity installed will be from renewable sources and 20% of fuel consumption from biofuels by 2020
Costa Rica Long-term effort to enable carbon neutrality
India Reduce CO2 emissions (except agriculture) per unit of GDP by 20–25% by 2020 compared to 2005
Indonesia GHG emissions reduction by 26% by 2020
Israel GHG reduction of 20% below its BAU emissions in 2020 Korea, Rep. GHG emissions reduction by 30% below BAU by 2020 Maldives Long-term transformational effort to achieve carbon neutrality
as a country by 2020
Marshall Islands GHG reduction of 40% below 2009 level
Mexico GHG reduction of 30% below its BAU emissions in 2020 Moldova GHG emissions reduction by 35% compared with the base year
1990, by 2020
Peru Renewable energy represents at least 33% of total energy used and zero net deforestation by 2020
Singapore GHG emissions reduction by 16% below BAU by 2020 South Africa GHG emissions reduction by 34% below BAU by 2020
Sources: UNFCCC, UNEP Risø Centre.
Glossary
Annual freshwater withdrawals are total water withdrawals, excluding evapo- ration losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is signifi- cant water reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute; data are for various years; for details, see World Development Indicators 2011, Primary data documentation)
Glossary
released in 2006. (World Health Organization; data are for the most recent year available)
Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 183, with first place being the best. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regula- tory environment is conducive to business operation. The index averages the country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in the World Bank’s Doing Business. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. (World Bank; data are for October 2011)
Glossary
GHG stands for greenhouse gas, a classification of gases that absorb infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, meth- ane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are all considered greenhouse gases.
GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, and so forth; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and
(4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally consid- ered comparable across countries (UNFCCC).
Glossary
Glossary
Glossary
areas, unclassified areas, littoral (intertidal) areas, and sites protected under local or provincial law are excluded. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre; data are for the most recent year available)
Glossary
2000. The range reflects the 10th and 90th percentiles of results from nine general circulation models (GCMs), employing the A2 storyline and scenario family. Values are then calculated at the country level from 2-degree gridded data. (Modified from Meehl et al., 2007)
Glossary
Kennedy, C., A. Ramaswami, S. Dhakal, and S. Carney. 2009. “Greenhouse Gas Emission Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions.” Confer- ence Paper, 5th Urban Research Symposium, “Cities and Climate Change— Responding to an Urgent Agenda.” Marseille, France, June 28–29.
Meehl, G. A., C. Covey, T. Delworth, M. Latif, B. McAvaney, J. F. B. Mitchell,
R. J. Stouffer, and K. E. Taylor. 2007. “The WCRP CMIP3 Multi-Model Data- set: A New Era in Climate Change Research.” Bulletin of the American Meteo- rological Society 88: 1383–94.
Mitchell, T. D., T. R. Carter, P. D. Jones, M. Hulme, M. New. 2003. “A Compre- hensive Set of High-Resolution Grids of Monthly Climate for Europe and the Globe: the Observed Record (1901–2000) and 16 Scenarios (2001–2100).” Journal of Climate: submitted.
REN21 Secretariat. 2011. Renewables 2011 Global Status Report. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
UN (United Nations) Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. 2011. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2011. New York: United Nations Children's Fund.
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 2011. Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2011; Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy. New York: UNEP.
World Bank. 2010. Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
———. 2011. World Development Indicators 2011. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
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